Chapter 01: The Dental Hygiene Profession
Bowen: Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice, 5th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. If an individual’s oral health changes, the dental hygienist, within the scope of dental hygiene
practice, provides the highest quality of dental hygiene care to guide the person back to
a. a cure for their oral diseases. abirb.com/test
b. an ideal state of oral hygiene.
c. oral wellness. abirb.com/test
d. reversal of tissue loss.
ANS: C
abirb.com/test
If oral wellness cannot be achieved, dental hygiene care helps to attain and maintain the best
possible level of oral health.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care abirb.com/test
2. Which provides a framework for delivering high-quality dental hygiene care to all types of
clients in any environment or professional role? abirb.com/test
a. The Dental Hygiene Process of Care
b. The Dental Hygiene Workforce Model abirb.com/test
c. The Dental Hygiene National Board
d. The American Dental Hygienists’ Association
abirb.com/test
ANS: A
This process requires decision making and assumes that dental hygienists are responsible for
supporting positive health behaviors and both identifying and resolving client problems and
abirb.com/test
needs within the scope of dental hygiene practice.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 2 abirb.com/test
OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
3. How many key behaviors, or steps, are found in the dental hygiene process of care?
a. Two abirb.com/test
b. Four
c. Six
d. Eight abirb.com/test
ANS: C
The six steps include assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation,
abirb.com/test
evaluation, and documentation.
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 1 abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
,4. Which step of the dental hygiene process of care involves assessment of oral and health
conditions and patient behaviors by collecting and interpreting data using measurable
outcomes? abirb.com/test
a. Documentation
b. Assessment
c. Dental hygiene diagnosis abirb.com/test
d. Evaluation
ANS: D abirb.com/test
Evaluation occurs throughout the process of care and the care plan or treatment implemented
is modified as needed.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care abirb.com/test
5. Which is the first step of the dental hygiene process of care?
abirb.com/test
a. Dental hygiene diagnosis
b. Planning
c. Assessment abirb.com/test
d. Documentation
ANS: C abirb.com/test
During assessment, the dental hygienist conducts and analyzes oral health data collected
through a systematic, comprehensive individualized assessment of the client who may be with
or at risk for oral disease or complications. abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 1
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
6. Which is a widely accepted worldview of a discipline that shapes the direction and methods of
its practitioners, educators, administrators, and researchers?
a. Universal principle abirb.com/test
b. Paradigm
c. Continuum
abirb.com/test
d. Justification
ANS: B
abirb.com/test
A paradigm specifies the unique perspective of each discipline and is the first level of
distinction between disciplines and defines the profession’s major concepts as its central
ideas. abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
7. Each of the following is a major paradigm concept for the discipline of dental hygiene
EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
a. The client
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b. The environment
c. Reimbursement strategies
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
, d. Health and oral health
ANS: C
The four major paradigm concepts for dental hygiene asabirb.com/test
defined by the American Dental
Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) include the client, the environment, health and oral health,
and dental hygiene actions.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Comprehension REF: 2-3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
8. The term patient is narrower than client, and it is reserved for recipients of dental hygiene
abirb.com/test
interventions in
a. public health programs.
b. schools. abirb.com/test
c. community settings.
d. clinical dental hygiene services.
abirb.com/test
ANS: D
Patient is not used for recipients of dental hygiene interventions in public health programs,
abirb.com/test
schools, and community settings, for example. This does not discount the relation with
patients when dental hygienists are providing patient-centered clinical dental hygiene services
and engaging them as co-therapists. abirb.com/test
DIF: Application REF: 2-3 OBJ: 2
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
9. The text suggests using the term ______ when referringabirb.com/test
to dental hygienists’ interactions with
people in health promotion, oral health education, or motivational activities, and to use the
term ________ when referring to clinical care interactions.
abirb.com/test
a. client; client
b. client; patient
c. patient; client abirb.com/test
d. patient; patient
ANS: B abirb.com/test
Regardless of the word used or the setting where dental hygienists interact with the public, our
aim is wellness and active participation of the recipients of our services, our clients.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Comprehension REF: 2-3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
10. Which of the major paradigm concept for the disciplineabirb.com/test
of dental hygiene as defined by the
American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) refers to the different settings where
dental hygienists interact with various clients?
a. Dental hygiene actions abirb.com/test
b. Health and oral health
c. The environment
abirb.com/test
d. The client
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
, ANS: C
Factors that affect a client’s or patient’s attainment of optimal oral health include, for
example, economic, psychologic, cultural, physical, legal, educational, ethical, and geographic
abirb.com/test
variables.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 1 OBJ: 2
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
11. Changes in healthcare knowledge and practice have expanded the philosophy of dental
hygiene to include new roles such as
a. oral health education. abirb.com/test
b. professional removal of calculus.
c. professional removal of plaque biofilm.
abirb.com/test
d. entrepreneur.
ANS: D
abirb.com/test
In the past, the principal services of dental hygienists were oral health education and
professional removal of calculus, biofilm, and other exogenous accretions from the tooth
surface. Changes in healthcare knowledge and practice abirb.com/test
have expanded the philosophy of
dental hygiene to include the professional roles of clinician, corporate, public health,
researcher, educator, administrator, and entrepreneur.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 3
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
12. Dental hygienists can work as independent practitionersabirb.com/test
in Canada without dental or other
employers. Several different practice models in the United States provide opportunities for
dental hygienists to serve vulnerable and underserved populations.
a. Both statements are true. abirb.com/test
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true, the second is false.
abirb.com/test
d. The first statement is false, the second is true.
ANS: A
abirb.com/test
Dental hygienists are working to improve access to preventive oral health.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 4
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
13. Dental healthcare access has been limited historically in the United States by the lack of
dentists practicing in
a. suburban areas. abirb.com/test
b. small towns.
c. rural or inner-city areas.
abirb.com/test
d. villages.
ANS: C
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
Bowen: Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice, 5th Edition
abirb.com/test
MULTIPLE CHOICE
abirb.com/test
1. If an individual’s oral health changes, the dental hygienist, within the scope of dental hygiene
practice, provides the highest quality of dental hygiene care to guide the person back to
a. a cure for their oral diseases. abirb.com/test
b. an ideal state of oral hygiene.
c. oral wellness. abirb.com/test
d. reversal of tissue loss.
ANS: C
abirb.com/test
If oral wellness cannot be achieved, dental hygiene care helps to attain and maintain the best
possible level of oral health.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care abirb.com/test
2. Which provides a framework for delivering high-quality dental hygiene care to all types of
clients in any environment or professional role? abirb.com/test
a. The Dental Hygiene Process of Care
b. The Dental Hygiene Workforce Model abirb.com/test
c. The Dental Hygiene National Board
d. The American Dental Hygienists’ Association
abirb.com/test
ANS: A
This process requires decision making and assumes that dental hygienists are responsible for
supporting positive health behaviors and both identifying and resolving client problems and
abirb.com/test
needs within the scope of dental hygiene practice.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 2 abirb.com/test
OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
3. How many key behaviors, or steps, are found in the dental hygiene process of care?
a. Two abirb.com/test
b. Four
c. Six
d. Eight abirb.com/test
ANS: C
The six steps include assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation,
abirb.com/test
evaluation, and documentation.
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 1 abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
,4. Which step of the dental hygiene process of care involves assessment of oral and health
conditions and patient behaviors by collecting and interpreting data using measurable
outcomes? abirb.com/test
a. Documentation
b. Assessment
c. Dental hygiene diagnosis abirb.com/test
d. Evaluation
ANS: D abirb.com/test
Evaluation occurs throughout the process of care and the care plan or treatment implemented
is modified as needed.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care abirb.com/test
5. Which is the first step of the dental hygiene process of care?
abirb.com/test
a. Dental hygiene diagnosis
b. Planning
c. Assessment abirb.com/test
d. Documentation
ANS: C abirb.com/test
During assessment, the dental hygienist conducts and analyzes oral health data collected
through a systematic, comprehensive individualized assessment of the client who may be with
or at risk for oral disease or complications. abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 1
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
6. Which is a widely accepted worldview of a discipline that shapes the direction and methods of
its practitioners, educators, administrators, and researchers?
a. Universal principle abirb.com/test
b. Paradigm
c. Continuum
abirb.com/test
d. Justification
ANS: B
abirb.com/test
A paradigm specifies the unique perspective of each discipline and is the first level of
distinction between disciplines and defines the profession’s major concepts as its central
ideas. abirb.com/test
DIF: Recall REF: 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
7. Each of the following is a major paradigm concept for the discipline of dental hygiene
EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
a. The client
abirb.com/test
b. The environment
c. Reimbursement strategies
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
, d. Health and oral health
ANS: C
The four major paradigm concepts for dental hygiene asabirb.com/test
defined by the American Dental
Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) include the client, the environment, health and oral health,
and dental hygiene actions.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Comprehension REF: 2-3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
8. The term patient is narrower than client, and it is reserved for recipients of dental hygiene
abirb.com/test
interventions in
a. public health programs.
b. schools. abirb.com/test
c. community settings.
d. clinical dental hygiene services.
abirb.com/test
ANS: D
Patient is not used for recipients of dental hygiene interventions in public health programs,
abirb.com/test
schools, and community settings, for example. This does not discount the relation with
patients when dental hygienists are providing patient-centered clinical dental hygiene services
and engaging them as co-therapists. abirb.com/test
DIF: Application REF: 2-3 OBJ: 2
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
9. The text suggests using the term ______ when referringabirb.com/test
to dental hygienists’ interactions with
people in health promotion, oral health education, or motivational activities, and to use the
term ________ when referring to clinical care interactions.
abirb.com/test
a. client; client
b. client; patient
c. patient; client abirb.com/test
d. patient; patient
ANS: B abirb.com/test
Regardless of the word used or the setting where dental hygienists interact with the public, our
aim is wellness and active participation of the recipients of our services, our clients.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Comprehension REF: 2-3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
10. Which of the major paradigm concept for the disciplineabirb.com/test
of dental hygiene as defined by the
American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) refers to the different settings where
dental hygienists interact with various clients?
a. Dental hygiene actions abirb.com/test
b. Health and oral health
c. The environment
abirb.com/test
d. The client
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
, ANS: C
Factors that affect a client’s or patient’s attainment of optimal oral health include, for
example, economic, psychologic, cultural, physical, legal, educational, ethical, and geographic
abirb.com/test
variables.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 1 OBJ: 2
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
11. Changes in healthcare knowledge and practice have expanded the philosophy of dental
hygiene to include new roles such as
a. oral health education. abirb.com/test
b. professional removal of calculus.
c. professional removal of plaque biofilm.
abirb.com/test
d. entrepreneur.
ANS: D
abirb.com/test
In the past, the principal services of dental hygienists were oral health education and
professional removal of calculus, biofilm, and other exogenous accretions from the tooth
surface. Changes in healthcare knowledge and practice abirb.com/test
have expanded the philosophy of
dental hygiene to include the professional roles of clinician, corporate, public health,
researcher, educator, administrator, and entrepreneur.
abirb.com/test
DIF: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 3
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
abirb.com/test
Hygiene Care
12. Dental hygienists can work as independent practitionersabirb.com/test
in Canada without dental or other
employers. Several different practice models in the United States provide opportunities for
dental hygienists to serve vulnerable and underserved populations.
a. Both statements are true. abirb.com/test
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true, the second is false.
abirb.com/test
d. The first statement is false, the second is true.
ANS: A
abirb.com/test
Dental hygienists are working to improve access to preventive oral health.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 4
abirb.com/test
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
abirb.com/test
13. Dental healthcare access has been limited historically in the United States by the lack of
dentists practicing in
a. suburban areas. abirb.com/test
b. small towns.
c. rural or inner-city areas.
abirb.com/test
d. villages.
ANS: C
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test
