CHAMBERLAIN BIOS 251 EXAM 1 COMPLETE EXAM
REVIEW | VERIFIED & UPDATED 2025–2026
What 4 ways do you examine the body? - correct answer -Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation
and Percussion
Inspection - correct answer -Seeing the body
Palpation - correct answer -to examine by touch
Auscultation - correct answer -Listening with a stethoscope
Percussion - correct answer -taking hands and beating over certain parts of body
Medical Imaging - correct answer -methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery,
i.e. radiology
Gross Anatomy - correct answer -Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Histology - correct answer -the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
Histopathology - correct answer -microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Cytology - correct answer -study of structure and function of cells
Ultrastructure - correct answer -fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the
electron microscope
,Subdisciplines of Physiology - correct answer -neurophysiology, endocrinology, pathophysiology
Neurophysiology - correct answer -physiology of the nervous system
Endocrinology - correct answer -study of hormones
Pathophysiology - correct answer -mechanisms of disease
Hippocrates - correct answer -Father of medicine
Scientific Fact - correct answer -information that can be independently verified
Law of Nature - correct answer -a generalization about the predictable ways in which matter
and energy behave
Theory - correct answer -explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws
and confirmed hypotheses
Bipedalism - correct answer -the ability to walk upright on two legs
The Hierarchy of Complexity - correct answer -Organ system-organs-tissues-cells-organelles-
molecules-atoms
situs invertus - correct answer -heart is on the opposite side
,Organization - correct answer -living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving
things
Cellular Composition - correct answer -living matter is always compartmentalized into one or
more cells
Metabolism - correct answer -internal chemical reactions; the sum of all biochemical events
that occur in the body
Responsiveness - correct answer -ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability)
Movement - correct answer -of organism and/or of substances within the organism
Characteristics of life - correct answer -organization, cellular composition, metabolism,
responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, evolution
Homeostasis - correct answer -the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it
and thereby maintain stable internal conditions
Physiological Variation - correct answer -Sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and
environment
Feedback Loops - correct answer -biological mechanisms where homeostasis is maintained
Homeostasis in Body Temperature - correct answer --If too warm, vessels dilate in the skin and
sweating begins (heat-losing mechanism)
-If too cold, vessels in the skin constrict and shivering begins (heat-gaining mechanism)
, Negative Feedback - correct answer -a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
Receptor - correct answer -structure that senses change in the body
Integrating (control) Center - correct answer -control center that processes the sensory
information, "makes a decision," and directs the response
Effector - correct answer -cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore
homeostasis
Positive Feedback - correct answer -Self-amplifying cycle where the feedback loop is repeated.
Normal way of producing rapid changes. Can sometimes be dangerous. ex. childbirth
Gradient - correct answer -a difference in chemical concentration, charge, temperature, or
pressure between two points. Chemicals flow down concentration gradients. Charged particles
flow down electrical gradients. Heat flows down thermal gradients.
CT Scan - correct answer -computed tomography scan
MRI - correct answer -magnetic resonance imaging
PET scan - correct answer -a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive
form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
Sonography - correct answer -high frequency sound waves echo back from internal organs
REVIEW | VERIFIED & UPDATED 2025–2026
What 4 ways do you examine the body? - correct answer -Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation
and Percussion
Inspection - correct answer -Seeing the body
Palpation - correct answer -to examine by touch
Auscultation - correct answer -Listening with a stethoscope
Percussion - correct answer -taking hands and beating over certain parts of body
Medical Imaging - correct answer -methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery,
i.e. radiology
Gross Anatomy - correct answer -Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Histology - correct answer -the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
Histopathology - correct answer -microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Cytology - correct answer -study of structure and function of cells
Ultrastructure - correct answer -fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the
electron microscope
,Subdisciplines of Physiology - correct answer -neurophysiology, endocrinology, pathophysiology
Neurophysiology - correct answer -physiology of the nervous system
Endocrinology - correct answer -study of hormones
Pathophysiology - correct answer -mechanisms of disease
Hippocrates - correct answer -Father of medicine
Scientific Fact - correct answer -information that can be independently verified
Law of Nature - correct answer -a generalization about the predictable ways in which matter
and energy behave
Theory - correct answer -explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws
and confirmed hypotheses
Bipedalism - correct answer -the ability to walk upright on two legs
The Hierarchy of Complexity - correct answer -Organ system-organs-tissues-cells-organelles-
molecules-atoms
situs invertus - correct answer -heart is on the opposite side
,Organization - correct answer -living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving
things
Cellular Composition - correct answer -living matter is always compartmentalized into one or
more cells
Metabolism - correct answer -internal chemical reactions; the sum of all biochemical events
that occur in the body
Responsiveness - correct answer -ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability)
Movement - correct answer -of organism and/or of substances within the organism
Characteristics of life - correct answer -organization, cellular composition, metabolism,
responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, evolution
Homeostasis - correct answer -the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it
and thereby maintain stable internal conditions
Physiological Variation - correct answer -Sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and
environment
Feedback Loops - correct answer -biological mechanisms where homeostasis is maintained
Homeostasis in Body Temperature - correct answer --If too warm, vessels dilate in the skin and
sweating begins (heat-losing mechanism)
-If too cold, vessels in the skin constrict and shivering begins (heat-gaining mechanism)
, Negative Feedback - correct answer -a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
Receptor - correct answer -structure that senses change in the body
Integrating (control) Center - correct answer -control center that processes the sensory
information, "makes a decision," and directs the response
Effector - correct answer -cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore
homeostasis
Positive Feedback - correct answer -Self-amplifying cycle where the feedback loop is repeated.
Normal way of producing rapid changes. Can sometimes be dangerous. ex. childbirth
Gradient - correct answer -a difference in chemical concentration, charge, temperature, or
pressure between two points. Chemicals flow down concentration gradients. Charged particles
flow down electrical gradients. Heat flows down thermal gradients.
CT Scan - correct answer -computed tomography scan
MRI - correct answer -magnetic resonance imaging
PET scan - correct answer -a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive
form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
Sonography - correct answer -high frequency sound waves echo back from internal organs
