Pathophysiology of
Disease Test Bank (8th Ed)
| Hammer & McPhee |
Case-Based Clinical
📘 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE –
HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE (8th Ed.)
This guide covers major systems and disease mechanisms you’re tested on.
� 1. Cellular Injury & Adaptation
Key Concepts
, Hypoxia vs Ischemia — oxygen deprivation vs reduced blood flow.
Reversible vs Irreversible Injury
o Reversible: cell swelling, fatty change.
o Irreversible: membrane damage, nuclear pyknosis/karyorrhexis/karyolysis.
Adaptive changes
o Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia.
Programmed cell death
o Apoptosis vs necrosis.
❤� 2. Inflammation & Repair
Acute Inflammation
Cardinal signs: redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
Key cells: neutrophils, macrophages.
Mediators: histamine, prostaglandins, cytokines.
Chronic Inflammation
Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages.
Granuloma formation (e.g., TB).
Tissue Repair
Regeneration vs scar formation.
Role of fibroblasts, collagen.
� 3. Immunopathology
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Type I: IgE mediated (allergies, anaphylaxis)
Type II: cytotoxic (autoimmune hemolytic anemia)
Type III: immune complex (SLE)
Type IV: T-cell mediated (TB skin test)
Autoimmunity & Immunodeficiency
Autoimmune disease examples.
Primary vs secondary immunodeficiency.
� 4. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
Disease Test Bank (8th Ed)
| Hammer & McPhee |
Case-Based Clinical
📘 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE –
HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE (8th Ed.)
This guide covers major systems and disease mechanisms you’re tested on.
� 1. Cellular Injury & Adaptation
Key Concepts
, Hypoxia vs Ischemia — oxygen deprivation vs reduced blood flow.
Reversible vs Irreversible Injury
o Reversible: cell swelling, fatty change.
o Irreversible: membrane damage, nuclear pyknosis/karyorrhexis/karyolysis.
Adaptive changes
o Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia.
Programmed cell death
o Apoptosis vs necrosis.
❤� 2. Inflammation & Repair
Acute Inflammation
Cardinal signs: redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
Key cells: neutrophils, macrophages.
Mediators: histamine, prostaglandins, cytokines.
Chronic Inflammation
Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages.
Granuloma formation (e.g., TB).
Tissue Repair
Regeneration vs scar formation.
Role of fibroblasts, collagen.
� 3. Immunopathology
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Type I: IgE mediated (allergies, anaphylaxis)
Type II: cytotoxic (autoimmune hemolytic anemia)
Type III: immune complex (SLE)
Type IV: T-cell mediated (TB skin test)
Autoimmunity & Immunodeficiency
Autoimmune disease examples.
Primary vs secondary immunodeficiency.
� 4. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
