ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND REGISTRY
PRACTICE PAPER 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ Direct bilirubin (conjugated). Answer: elevated when there is an
obstruction of the biliary system-obstructive jaundice.
◉ Indirect bilirubin (uncojugated). Answer: excessive destruction of
RBC/hemolysis assc. w/ anemias and liver disease. elevation of the
total bilirubin occurs w/ hepatitis, & hepatic metastasis.
◉ hematocrit. Answer: volume percantage of RBC in the whole body.
a drop in hematocrit indicates liver trauma or bleeding elsewhere in
the body
◉ leukocystosis. Answer: high increase in WBC indicates
inflammatory process or abscess.
◉ prothrombin time. Answer: prothrombin converts to thrombin in
the clotting process by the Vit K, that is absorbed in the intestine and
stored in the liver.
◉ diffuse hepatocellular disease. Answer: ...
,◉ fatty liver. Answer: -accumulation of fat w/ in the liver cell
-caused by DM, steroid, hepatatis, abuse.-increased lfts,
-increased echogenicity,
◉ acute viral hepatatis. Answer: diffuse inflammatory process of the
liver. most common cause of HAV HBV HCV.causes nausea,fever,
hepatosplenomegaly, hypoechoic parachyma, GB wall thickening.
++ALT AST Biliru ALP
◉ chronic viral hepatatis. Answer: parenchyma is coarse and
echogenic
common causes of HB HC
◉ cirrhosis. Answer: diffuse fibrotic process that involves the entire
liver. caused by alcohol abuse. causes LFTs, urine conjugated bili. US-
nodular decrease through transmission, ascites, portal
hypertension,collateral, patent PVs.
◉ chronic hepatic congestion. Answer: hx heart failure, acute phase
causes ruq pain, hepatomegaly,dilatation of IVC, pulsatile portal vein.
◉ glycogen storage disease. Answer: autosomal recessive disorder of
carbohydrate metabolism, Von Gierke's disease most common.
usually occurs in infancy of young childhood, hypoglycemia. test
, shows decrease glucose 6 phosphatase.hepatomegaly w/ increase
echogenity,
◉ causes of medical jaundice (nonobstructive). Answer: 1.
hepatocellular disease -internal disturbances.
(hepatatis,cirrhosis,fatty liv, )
2. hemolytic disease++ RBC destruction result in + indirect bilir
(sickle cell anemia, cooleys anemia)
◉ cause of obstrucive jaundice. Answer: choledocholithiasis, panc
pseudocyst, mass, hepatoma, Ca, enlarged lymph
◉ portal hypertension. Answer: *(intrahep)most common cause is
CIRRHOSIS & BUDD-CHIARI syndrome. (extrahep)causes-
thrombosis, congestive heart failure.
*Finding; collaterals, splenomegaly, Ascites, gastrintestinal bleeding.
*US; dilated PV >13mm, SMV/splenic v >10mm
collatels, varices(esophageal,splenorenal, gastrorenal)
reversal flow, recanalization of umbilical v.
◉ Portal vein obstriuction. Answer: *caused by THROMBOSIS &
invasion of PV by tumor.
*Finding; HCC, panc or GI cancer or lymphoma.
*nonvisualized PV,Echoes w/ in PV,dilated SMV or SV
PRACTICE PAPER 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ Direct bilirubin (conjugated). Answer: elevated when there is an
obstruction of the biliary system-obstructive jaundice.
◉ Indirect bilirubin (uncojugated). Answer: excessive destruction of
RBC/hemolysis assc. w/ anemias and liver disease. elevation of the
total bilirubin occurs w/ hepatitis, & hepatic metastasis.
◉ hematocrit. Answer: volume percantage of RBC in the whole body.
a drop in hematocrit indicates liver trauma or bleeding elsewhere in
the body
◉ leukocystosis. Answer: high increase in WBC indicates
inflammatory process or abscess.
◉ prothrombin time. Answer: prothrombin converts to thrombin in
the clotting process by the Vit K, that is absorbed in the intestine and
stored in the liver.
◉ diffuse hepatocellular disease. Answer: ...
,◉ fatty liver. Answer: -accumulation of fat w/ in the liver cell
-caused by DM, steroid, hepatatis, abuse.-increased lfts,
-increased echogenicity,
◉ acute viral hepatatis. Answer: diffuse inflammatory process of the
liver. most common cause of HAV HBV HCV.causes nausea,fever,
hepatosplenomegaly, hypoechoic parachyma, GB wall thickening.
++ALT AST Biliru ALP
◉ chronic viral hepatatis. Answer: parenchyma is coarse and
echogenic
common causes of HB HC
◉ cirrhosis. Answer: diffuse fibrotic process that involves the entire
liver. caused by alcohol abuse. causes LFTs, urine conjugated bili. US-
nodular decrease through transmission, ascites, portal
hypertension,collateral, patent PVs.
◉ chronic hepatic congestion. Answer: hx heart failure, acute phase
causes ruq pain, hepatomegaly,dilatation of IVC, pulsatile portal vein.
◉ glycogen storage disease. Answer: autosomal recessive disorder of
carbohydrate metabolism, Von Gierke's disease most common.
usually occurs in infancy of young childhood, hypoglycemia. test
, shows decrease glucose 6 phosphatase.hepatomegaly w/ increase
echogenity,
◉ causes of medical jaundice (nonobstructive). Answer: 1.
hepatocellular disease -internal disturbances.
(hepatatis,cirrhosis,fatty liv, )
2. hemolytic disease++ RBC destruction result in + indirect bilir
(sickle cell anemia, cooleys anemia)
◉ cause of obstrucive jaundice. Answer: choledocholithiasis, panc
pseudocyst, mass, hepatoma, Ca, enlarged lymph
◉ portal hypertension. Answer: *(intrahep)most common cause is
CIRRHOSIS & BUDD-CHIARI syndrome. (extrahep)causes-
thrombosis, congestive heart failure.
*Finding; collaterals, splenomegaly, Ascites, gastrintestinal bleeding.
*US; dilated PV >13mm, SMV/splenic v >10mm
collatels, varices(esophageal,splenorenal, gastrorenal)
reversal flow, recanalization of umbilical v.
◉ Portal vein obstriuction. Answer: *caused by THROMBOSIS &
invasion of PV by tumor.
*Finding; HCC, panc or GI cancer or lymphoma.
*nonvisualized PV,Echoes w/ in PV,dilated SMV or SV
