NCMHCE Counseling Skills and Interventions Exam || || || || || ||
questions with verified answers || || ||
Therapeutic Interventions ||
Require the use of foundational models incorporating philosophy, theory, and practice
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
methodologies
Methods used during practice with clients || || || || ||
Counseling
A treatment that allows the client to express emotions while the therapist provides support,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
education, and feedback || ||
Psychotherapy
Remediation process that involves getting to the root cause of the problem || || || || || || || || || || ||
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) || ||
Focuses on the impact that thoughts have on behavior and feelings
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Encourages the individual to use the power of rational thought to alter perceptions and behavior
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Usually short-term (12-20 sessions) || || ||
Acknowledges that not all problems can be resolved, but one can deal differently with problems || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Approaches to CBT - cognitive therapy, REBT, DBT || || || || || || ||
Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) for social phobias || || || || || ||
Form of exposure therapy done in a group environment
|| || || || || || || ||
Usually limited to about 6 clients with 1 or (preferably) 2 therapists
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Equal mix of genders helps with social phobias
|| || || || || || ||
Clients with different types of fears help complement each other during therapy
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Subjective Units of Distress Rating Scale || || || || ||
0-10 scale of distress
|| || ||
Used in CBGT|| ||
Personal Science ||
Developed in 1977 by Michael Mahoney || || || || ||
Based on Cognitive-Behavioral approach
|| || ||
Acronym SCIENCE is used to explain sequential steps through which the therapist guides the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
client to solve a problem
|| || || ||
,SCIENCE - Personal Science || || ||
S - specification of the problem
|| || || || ||
C - Collection of data or facts
|| || || || || ||
I - Identification of patterns or reasons for existing behaviors
|| || || || || || || || ||
E - examination of choices that can be used to modify behavior
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
N - narrowing the options and experimenting with possible modifications
|| || || || || || || || ||
C - comparing data or facts
|| || || || ||
E - expanding, modifying, or substituting unwanted behaviors
|| || || || || || ||
Psychobehavioral therapy ||
Developed in 1971 by George E Woody || || || || || ||
Combination of psychoanalytic and behavioral techniques with a variety of eclectic approach || || || || || || || || || || ||
Based on cognitive-behavioral approach|| || ||
Cognitive-client therapy ||
Cognitive-affective model designed by David Wexler in 1974 || || || || || || ||
Information Processing Theory - foundation for beliefs concerning cognitive roles || || || || || || || || ||
Acceptance Commitment Therapy (AC) || || ||
Approaches behavioral change from a different perspective than CBT || || || || || || || ||
Clients are encouraged to examine their thought processes (cognitive defusion) when undergoing
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
episodes of anxiety/depression || ||
Mindfulness
Clients are encouraged to examine their values/control those things under their control (like facial
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
expression/actions)
ACT
Accepting reactions ||
Choosing a direction || ||
Taking action to effect change || || || ||
Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || ||
Discovered that during psychotherapy clients often had a 2nd set of thoughts while undergoing|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
'free association' ||
Called these automatic thoughts - were labeled and interpreted according to a personal set of rules
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Cognitive disorders (Beck) || ||
Dysfunctional automatic thoughts || ||
Aaron's Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || ||
,Beck's triad of negative thoughts || || || ||
The self ||
The environment The world
|| || ||
Therapy/client relationship - Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || || || ||
Collaborative partnership ||
Goals are determined together
|| || ||
Therapist encourages client to disagree when appropriate || || || || || ||
Process of therapy - Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || || || || ||
Therapy explains the perception of reality is not reality, the interpretation of sensory input
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
depends on cognitive processes, the client is taught to recognize maladaptive ideation, identifying
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
observable behavior, underlying motivation, and their thoughts and beliefs, the client practices
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
distancing the maladaptive thoughts, explores their conclusions and tests them against reality
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Conclusions - Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || || ||
Client makes the rules less extreme and absolute, drops false rules, and substitutes adaptive rules
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Ego State - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || || ||
One's personal frame of mind
|| || || ||
Parent - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || ||
Parents who exhibit feelings/behavior learned from their parents, which may be nurturing or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
critical
Adult - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || ||
An individual who exhibits feelings/behaviors of a mature adult
|| || || || || || || ||
Child - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || ||
An individual who exhibits feelings/behaviors natural to children under seven years old
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Transaction - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis || || || || ||
Verbal and nonverbal communication between two peopl
|| || || || || ||
Complementary transactions - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis || || || || || ||
A message sent from the ego state of Person A which is responded to in that same ego state, or a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
message sent to the ego state of Person B which is responded to in that same ego state
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Crossed transactions - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || || ||
, A message sent from the ego state of Person A which is responded to in another ego state, or a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
message sent to the ego state of Person B which is responded to from another ego state
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Ulterior transactions - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || || ||
Messages that occur on two levels, the social or overt level and the hidden or psychological level
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Behaviorism
Anticipates that the client can unlearn dysfunctional behaviors || || || || || || ||
Pavlov's dogs ||
Watson and Rayner - conditioned a young boy to develop a phobia of white, furry animals
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
B. F. Skinner experimented with operant conditioning - where feelings and actions are reinforced
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and rewarded (to stop a behavior is to take away the reinforcement)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Operant Conditioning ||
Based on feelings and actions that are reinforced and rewarded
|| || || || || || || || ||
To stop behavior take away the reinforcement
|| || || || || ||
Results in token economy and contractual agreements
|| || || || || ||
Social Learning Theory || ||
Created by Albert Bandura in 1969 || || || || ||
Based on people learning from watching others
|| || || || || ||
Behaviorism Interventions ||
Relaxation techniques ||
Imagery
Systematic desensitization ||
Reinforcement contingencies ||
Positive role modeling || ||
Token economies ||
Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT) || || ||
Albert Ellis ||
People control their own destinies and interpret events according to their own values and beliefs
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Forms of irrational beliefs (REBT) || || || ||
Something is awful or terrible || || || ||
One cannot tolerate something
|| || ||
Something or someone is damned or cursed || || || || || ||
Masturbatory ideologies (REBT) || ||
questions with verified answers || || ||
Therapeutic Interventions ||
Require the use of foundational models incorporating philosophy, theory, and practice
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
methodologies
Methods used during practice with clients || || || || ||
Counseling
A treatment that allows the client to express emotions while the therapist provides support,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
education, and feedback || ||
Psychotherapy
Remediation process that involves getting to the root cause of the problem || || || || || || || || || || ||
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) || ||
Focuses on the impact that thoughts have on behavior and feelings
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Encourages the individual to use the power of rational thought to alter perceptions and behavior
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Usually short-term (12-20 sessions) || || ||
Acknowledges that not all problems can be resolved, but one can deal differently with problems || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Approaches to CBT - cognitive therapy, REBT, DBT || || || || || || ||
Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) for social phobias || || || || || ||
Form of exposure therapy done in a group environment
|| || || || || || || ||
Usually limited to about 6 clients with 1 or (preferably) 2 therapists
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Equal mix of genders helps with social phobias
|| || || || || || ||
Clients with different types of fears help complement each other during therapy
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Subjective Units of Distress Rating Scale || || || || ||
0-10 scale of distress
|| || ||
Used in CBGT|| ||
Personal Science ||
Developed in 1977 by Michael Mahoney || || || || ||
Based on Cognitive-Behavioral approach
|| || ||
Acronym SCIENCE is used to explain sequential steps through which the therapist guides the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
client to solve a problem
|| || || ||
,SCIENCE - Personal Science || || ||
S - specification of the problem
|| || || || ||
C - Collection of data or facts
|| || || || || ||
I - Identification of patterns or reasons for existing behaviors
|| || || || || || || || ||
E - examination of choices that can be used to modify behavior
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
N - narrowing the options and experimenting with possible modifications
|| || || || || || || || ||
C - comparing data or facts
|| || || || ||
E - expanding, modifying, or substituting unwanted behaviors
|| || || || || || ||
Psychobehavioral therapy ||
Developed in 1971 by George E Woody || || || || || ||
Combination of psychoanalytic and behavioral techniques with a variety of eclectic approach || || || || || || || || || || ||
Based on cognitive-behavioral approach|| || ||
Cognitive-client therapy ||
Cognitive-affective model designed by David Wexler in 1974 || || || || || || ||
Information Processing Theory - foundation for beliefs concerning cognitive roles || || || || || || || || ||
Acceptance Commitment Therapy (AC) || || ||
Approaches behavioral change from a different perspective than CBT || || || || || || || ||
Clients are encouraged to examine their thought processes (cognitive defusion) when undergoing
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
episodes of anxiety/depression || ||
Mindfulness
Clients are encouraged to examine their values/control those things under their control (like facial
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
expression/actions)
ACT
Accepting reactions ||
Choosing a direction || ||
Taking action to effect change || || || ||
Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || ||
Discovered that during psychotherapy clients often had a 2nd set of thoughts while undergoing|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
'free association' ||
Called these automatic thoughts - were labeled and interpreted according to a personal set of rules
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Cognitive disorders (Beck) || ||
Dysfunctional automatic thoughts || ||
Aaron's Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || ||
,Beck's triad of negative thoughts || || || ||
The self ||
The environment The world
|| || ||
Therapy/client relationship - Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || || || ||
Collaborative partnership ||
Goals are determined together
|| || ||
Therapist encourages client to disagree when appropriate || || || || || ||
Process of therapy - Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || || || || ||
Therapy explains the perception of reality is not reality, the interpretation of sensory input
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
depends on cognitive processes, the client is taught to recognize maladaptive ideation, identifying
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
observable behavior, underlying motivation, and their thoughts and beliefs, the client practices
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
distancing the maladaptive thoughts, explores their conclusions and tests them against reality
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Conclusions - Beck's Cognitive Therapy || || || ||
Client makes the rules less extreme and absolute, drops false rules, and substitutes adaptive rules
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Ego State - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || || ||
One's personal frame of mind
|| || || ||
Parent - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || ||
Parents who exhibit feelings/behavior learned from their parents, which may be nurturing or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
critical
Adult - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || ||
An individual who exhibits feelings/behaviors of a mature adult
|| || || || || || || ||
Child - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || ||
An individual who exhibits feelings/behaviors natural to children under seven years old
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Transaction - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis || || || || ||
Verbal and nonverbal communication between two peopl
|| || || || || ||
Complementary transactions - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis || || || || || ||
A message sent from the ego state of Person A which is responded to in that same ego state, or a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
message sent to the ego state of Person B which is responded to in that same ego state
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Crossed transactions - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || || ||
, A message sent from the ego state of Person A which is responded to in another ego state, or a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
message sent to the ego state of Person B which is responded to from another ego state
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Ulterior transactions - Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
|| || || || || ||
Messages that occur on two levels, the social or overt level and the hidden or psychological level
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Behaviorism
Anticipates that the client can unlearn dysfunctional behaviors || || || || || || ||
Pavlov's dogs ||
Watson and Rayner - conditioned a young boy to develop a phobia of white, furry animals
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
B. F. Skinner experimented with operant conditioning - where feelings and actions are reinforced
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and rewarded (to stop a behavior is to take away the reinforcement)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Operant Conditioning ||
Based on feelings and actions that are reinforced and rewarded
|| || || || || || || || ||
To stop behavior take away the reinforcement
|| || || || || ||
Results in token economy and contractual agreements
|| || || || || ||
Social Learning Theory || ||
Created by Albert Bandura in 1969 || || || || ||
Based on people learning from watching others
|| || || || || ||
Behaviorism Interventions ||
Relaxation techniques ||
Imagery
Systematic desensitization ||
Reinforcement contingencies ||
Positive role modeling || ||
Token economies ||
Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT) || || ||
Albert Ellis ||
People control their own destinies and interpret events according to their own values and beliefs
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Forms of irrational beliefs (REBT) || || || ||
Something is awful or terrible || || || ||
One cannot tolerate something
|| || ||
Something or someone is damned or cursed || || || || || ||
Masturbatory ideologies (REBT) || ||
