Test Bank for Brain and Behavior 5th Edition by Garrett

Test Bank for Brain and Behavior 5th Edition by GarrettTest Bank for Brain and Behavior 5th Edition by Garrett Complete downloadable file at: Multiple Choice 1. What modern invention has the brain been compared to in terms of storage capacity? a. a Google server b. a smartphone c. the Internet d. a compact disc Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: What is Behavioral Neuroscience? Difficulty Level: Easy 2. The decade of the 1990s was designated as the decade of ______. a. the brain b. the mind c. cognition d. behavior Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: What is Behavioral Neuroscience? Difficulty Level: Easy 3. Which of the following is a recent discovery in the field of behavioral neuroscience? a. The cause of depression has been identified. b. Dementia has been cured. c. The brain area responsible for consciousness has been identified. d. Genes for schizophrenia have been identified. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: What is Behavioral Neuroscience? Difficulty Level: Easy 4. What do behavioral neuroscientists study? a. the relationship between the body and the brain b. the relationship between behavior and the body c. the structure of the body d. the rules that describe how behavior is modifiable by experience Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience Difficulty Level: Easy 5. Which of the following terms can be used interchangeably with “behavioral neuroscience”? a. psychology b. biology c. behavioral genetics d. psychobiology Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Psychologists consider emotions, thoughts, memories, and observable acts to be characterized as ______. a. cognitions b. behaviors c. processes d. mysteries of the mind Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience Difficulty Level: Easy 7. Which of the following would be a question that a behavioral neuroscientist would investigate? a. Which neurotransmitter systems are responsible for the development of drug addiction? b. Which muscles focus the eye on a moving object? c. Is there a genetic predisposition for cancer? d. What are the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder? Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience Difficulty Level: Hard 8. If you were able to build a time machine and wanted to travel back to observe the first psychology laboratory, where would you go? a. to Charles Darwin’s office in Germany b. to Charles Darwin’s boat in England c. to Wilhelm Wundt’s lab in Germany d. to Rene Descartes’ apothecary in France Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience Difficulty Level: Easy 9. Which of the following is true of the mind–brain question? a. It was originally posed by early neuroscientists and remains unsolved today. b. It is concerned with the nature of the mind and its relation to the brain. c. It usually involves a choice between the positions of psychology and philosophy. d. It usually involves a choice between the positions of psychology and biology. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 10. The textbook authors and many neuroscientists view the mind as a ______. a. spirit b. soul c. source of our actions d. concept Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the materialistic monist view of the mind–brain problem? a. The brain and the mind are both physical. b. Everything is made of matter and energy. c. The body is made of matter, whereas the mind is not. d. Both hemispheres of the brain work together. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 12. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the dualism view of the mind–brain problem? a. The brain and the mind are both physical. b. Everything is made of matter and energy. c. The body is made of matter, whereas the mind is not. d. Both hemispheres of the brain work together. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 13. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the idealistic monism view of the mind–brain problem? a. The brain and the mind are both physical. b. The mind and brain are not physical. c. The body is made of matter, whereas the mind is not. d. Both hemispheres of the brain work together. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 14. Which mind–brain view is most likely to be held by a neuroscientist? a. idealistic monism b. materialistic monism c. interactionism d. dualism Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 15. If you say you are a dualist, you are saying you believe in ______. a. the mind and the spirit b. only the nonmaterial c. a mind that is separate from the brain d. the body and the brain Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 16. If you say you are a monist, you are saying you believe in ______. a. just the mind b. both the material and the nonmaterial c. just the spiritual d. the brain and mind being composed of the same substance Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 17. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the origins of the mind–brain problem? a. This problem was first debated by psychologists in the late 1800s. b. This problem was first debated by philosophers in the fifth century BCE. c. This problem was first debated by Darwin’s followers in the late 1800s. d. This problem was first debated by neuroscientists in the 1990s. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 18. Which of the following individuals was a dualist? a. Plato b. Democritus c. Aristotle d. Darwin Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 19. Dr. Smith believes that both the mind and the brain are made of physical matter. Which philosopher would agree most with Dr. Smith’s views? a. Descartes b. Plato c. Democritus d. Wundt Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Hard 20. What difficulty did dualists face in finding support for their views regarding the mind and brain? a. explaining how a physical brain could result in mental processes b. explaining how the mind could exist c. explaining how the brain could exist d. explaining how a nonphysical mind could impact a physical body Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 21. What difficulty did monists face in finding support for their views regarding the mind and brain? a. explaining how a physical brain could result in mental processes b. explaining how the mind could exist c. explaining how the brain could exist d. explaining how a nonphysical mind could impact a physical body Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 22. Which of the following was a barrier to resolving the mind–brain problem during the time of the early philosophical debates in the fifth century BCE? a. The mind could only be observed in corpses. b. The mind could only be observed in nonhuman animals. c. There was not an understanding of how the brain or its cells functioned. d. Introspection provided limited views of the brain. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Medium 23. Nakia wants to better understand the neural basis of deception, so she recruits people to undergo brain scans while they tell a lie. The fact that Nakia believes she can uncover where deceptions come from in the brain reveals that Nakia is a ______. a. dualist b. idealistic monist c. materialistic monist d. philosopher Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-1: Define the mind-brain problem in behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem Difficulty Level: Hard 24. A(n) ______ is a proposed mechanism to explain how something, usually more complex than the proposed mechanism, works. a. assumption b. model c. construct d. hypothesis Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 25. Which of the following is a true statement about scientific models? a. A model can only be a theory that explains why a behavior occurs. b. A model can only be an organism or system that includes components of a behavior that is studied. c. A model organism is typically more complex than the organism that scientists are working to understand. d. A model can be either a theory or a simple organism or system. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 26. Based on the discussion of models in the textbook, why do many behavioral neuroscientists study rats? a. Rats are complex animals. b. Rats are simpler systems than humans. c. Rats are more complex than computers. d. Rats were central to Darwin’s theory. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Medium 27. Researchers have used computers to model ______ that occur(s) in humans. a. cognitive processes b. Alzheimer’s disease c. only simplistic behaviors d. only abnormal behaviors Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 28. According to Descartes, the brain controlled behavior by ______. a. directing spirit fluid through nerves, thereby inflating the muscles b. tilting the spinal cord like a joystick c. bending energy from an outside light source d. actively directing the pineal gland to inflate and deflate Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 29. Descartes used a ______ model for the activity of the human brain. a. hydraulic b. computer c. rat d. connectionist Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 30. According to Descartes, ______ was where the mind interacted with the body. a. the pituitary gland b. the ventricles of the brain c. fluid filled nerves and muscles d. the pineal gland Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 31. Why did Descartes choose the pineal gland as the “seat of the soul”? a. It was a hollow structure. b. It was attached just below the two cerebral hemispheres. c. It looked like a pump. d. It was the largest visible structure in the brain. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 32. What was the major drawback of Descartes’ view of the mind–brain problem? a. It was a theory. b. It was not tested by empirical methods. c. It was a hydraulic model. d. It was based on an understanding of how the brain worked, but not the body. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Medium 33. Which individual was a seventeenth-century French philosopher and physiologist? a. Paul Broca b. Eduard Hitzig c. Rene Descartes d. Gustav Fritsch Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 34. How did Descartes’ hydraulic model of brain functioning hold up to scientific testing? a. There is currently evidence to support this model of brain functioning. b. This model is not supported by modern observations of brain functioning. c. There has not been sufficient testing to determine if this model is supported. d. This model is not scientifically testable. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Medium 35. Reaching conclusions about the brain by observation is the method for obtaining knowledge called ______. a. empiricism b. dualism c. monism d. idealism Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 36. Rosalind thinks that the hippocampus is needed for new memories to be formed. In order to determine if she is correct, she conducts a study in which people perform a memory task while having their brains scanned. Rosalind is using the method of ______ to learn about the brain. a. monism b. intuition c. empiricism d. dualism Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Hard 37. Philosophers of the Renaissance proposed models of how the brain works while later ______ tested models of how the brain works using scientific methods. a. thinkers b. individualistic monists c. dualists d. empiricists Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Medium 38. From Descartes’ work on the hydraulic model of brain functioning, we can see that models or theories are ______. a. sometimes proven to be incorrect b. always correct c. never tested d. based on a lack of thought about a problem Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Medium 39. What was the inspiration for Descartes’ model of brain function? a. a stream b. statues in the gardens at St. Germain c. a frog’s leg d. Plato’s idea of dualism Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy 40. Why was Descartes’ hydraulic model of brain function an important step in modern understanding of the brain? a. This model correctly marked the pineal gland as the “seat of the soul.” b. This model correctly stated that muscles were inflated with liquid, which led to movement. c. This model predicted the existence of encased nerve cells. d. This model was a first attempt at providing a physical explanation for behavior. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior Difficulty Level: Medium 41. Who first observed that muscles would respond to electrical stimulation? a. Gustav Fritsch b. Paul Broca c. Eduard Hitzig d. Luigi Galvani Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 42. Who first showed that movement would result from electrical stimulation of the brain? a. Fritsch and Galvani b. Broca and Helmholtz c. Fritsch and Hitzig d. Hitzig and Helmholtz Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 43. Who first measured the speed of conduction in the nervous system? a. Hermann von Helmholtz b. Rene Descartes c. Eduard Hitzig d. Paul Broca Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 44. Helmholtz calculated the velocity of the electrical nerve impulse to be about ______. a. 90 meters/second b. 90 feet/second c. 900 feet/second d. 186,000 miles/second Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 45. When did scientists first become aware that the body operates using electrical signals? a. late 1700s b. late 1800s c. early 1900s d. 1990s Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 46. What force did physiologists Galvani and Helmholtz show was responsible for animation of the body? a. electricity b. chemicals c. animal spirits d. water Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 47. What type of approach did Helmholtz take in investigating how the nervous system works? a. idealistic monist b. empiricist c. dualist d. artistic Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Medium 48. In addition to studying the role of electricity in the functioning of nerve cells, Helmholtz also studied ______. a. smell b. drug addiction c. vision d. anger Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 49. Which of the following scientists provided the first insights into the role of electricity in biological functioning? a. Hermann von Helmholtz b. Eduard Hitzig c. Gustav Fritsch d. Luigi Galvani Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 50. Which of the following individuals was important to developing the understanding that nerve cells communicate using electrical signals? a. Hermann von Helmholtz b. Rene Descartes c. Paul Broca d. Phineas Gage Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 51. Which of the following individuals performed work that best fits the method of empiricism? a. Rene Descartes b. Gustav Fritsch c. Plato d. Aristotle Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Medium 52. Which of the following people was a physiologist? a. Phineas Gage b. Paul Broca c. Luigi Galvani d. Aristotle Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 53. Which of the following statements is true about the case of Phineas Gage? a. He did not survive the railroad accident. b. His case supported the equipotentiality view. c. The major damage he experienced was in the temporal lobes. d. The major damage he experienced was in the frontal lobes. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 54. Which of the following conclusions was reached from observations at autopsy on the brain of a man who had an inability to speak? a. Speech is localized in the left side of the brain. b. Speech is not localized in a particular brain region. c. Speech is inherited. d. Auditory reflexes are found in the dominant hemisphere. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 55. Who first localized the speech control center in the human brain? a. Galvani b. Gage c. Broca d. Fritsch Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 56. The proposition that specific brain areas control specific functions is ______. a. functionalism b. neuroscience c. specific nerve control d. localization Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 57. Through their experiments, Fritsch and Hitzig showed that ______. a. movement could be produced in an animal by providing electrical current to the brain b. the rate of nerve conduction is about 90 feet per second c. the left hemisphere controls speech d. sensation is the result of electrical activity in the brain Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify the role of physiologists in the establishment of modern-day behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 58. A woman is involved in a car crash and, as a result, cannot speak at all for several days. Surprisingly, she can still hear and understand what her doctor is saying perfectly well. If her doctor ordered a CAT scan of her brain (a form of X-ray), where might the doctor see damage/swelling? a. in her pineal gland b. in her right parietal lobe c. in her left frontal lobe d. in both sides of her motor cortex Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Hard 59. Whereas phrenology claimed to precisely localize faculties in the brain, ______ argued that virtually no functions were precisely localized. a. Gall b. Lashley c. Spurzheim d. Broca Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 60. Modern research tells us that functions or characteristics are ______. a. mostly localized b. mostly distributed c. both localized and distributed d. centralized Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 61. How have cases of people with brain damage, such as Phineas Gage and Broca’s patient, contributed to our understanding of the relationship between brain and behavior? a. These cases have demonstrated that electrical signaling occurs in the human brain. b. These cases have shown that specific brain areas control some specific behaviors. c. These cases have provided evidence for equipotentiality. d. These cases have refuted monism. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 62. Phineas Gage’s changes in behavior following brain damage showed that the ______ is involved in planning behavior to fit with social expectations. a. parietal lobe b. Broca’s area c. pineal gland d. frontal lobe Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 63. Laurie had a stroke that damaged part of her brain. In the weeks following the stroke, her family reported that she had difficulty following through on tasks – they would find that she would go grocery shopping but then leave half the groceries out on the counter to rot. In addition, instead of completing tasks that she used to handle around the house, she would sit and play video games for hours each day. What part of the brain was likely impacted by the stroke? a. occipital lobe b. pineal gland c. frontal lobe d. Broca’s area Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Hard 64. Based on what was presented in the textbook about localization, how did researchers in the 1800s go about identifying parts of the brain that are involved in specific behaviors? a. by conducting brain scans b. by examining the brains of people with disrupted behavior after those people died c. by giving thorough examinations to anyone who suffered brain damage d. by recording the electrical activity of individual brain cells while a person completed a task Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 65. Which scientist adopted an extreme view of localization that has not held up to later scientific investigation? a. Paul Broca b. Phineas Gage c. Luigi Galvani d. Franz Gall Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 66. Which theory of brain function involved measuring the bumps on the skull as a means to determine a person’s individual characteristics? a. equipotentiality b. phrenology c. localization d. hydraulic model of nervous system Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 67. Karl Lashley is known for developing the theory of ______, which stated that behaviors arise from equal involvement of all the parts of the brain. a. equipotentiality b. phrenology c. localization d. hydraulic model of nervous system Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 68. Which theory was consistent with the idea of localization? a. equipotentiality b. phrenology c. dualism d. hydraulic model of nervous system Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 69. Which observation has provided support for localization? a. Spurzheim’s measurements of skull bumps correlated with behaviors b. Lashley’s theory of equipotentiality c. Broca’s autopsy of the patient who lost the ability to speak d. Galvani’s animated frog leg Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 70. Which position is consistent with the way that modern-day neuroscientists approach the localization issue? a. They agree with Lashley that the brain has equipotentiality. b. They agree with Gall that even very specific behaviors can be localized to individual brain areas. c. They agree with Broca that language function can be found exclusively in Broca’s area. d. They have adopted the view that cooperation among several brain areas is necessary for behavior. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 71. Which observation has provided support for localization? a. Phineas Gage’s changes in behavior following the accident that damaged his frontal lobes b. Gall’s 35 faculties of emotion and intellect, which were related to the bumps on a person’s skull c. Helmholtz’s observations of the speed of electrical signals in nerve cells d. Descartes’ hydraulic model of brain function Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 72. The quotation from your textbook “The truth, as is often the case, lies somewhere between these two extremes” describes current understanding of what neuroscience debate? a. the debate between monism and dualism b. the debate between the hydraulic model and electrical signaling for communication in the brain c. the debate between localization and distribution of function in the brain d. the debate about the speed at which electrical signals occur in nerve cells Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 73. What is a concern of modern nonmaterial neuroscientists? a. The brain is not accessible for study. b. Consciousness will not be capable of explanation using material explanations. c. Vision and hearing are too complex to be explained as arising from a material brain. d. Lashley was correct in saying that brain functions are not localized. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 74. Monism is consistent with the idea that ______. a. many brain functions can be localized somewhat, showing that specific brain regions produce specific behaviors b. electricity moves slowly through nerve cells c. the brain does not produce behaviors such as combativeness d. the mind explains the brain Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Medium 75. When the brain changes in response to psychotherapy, nonmaterial neuroscientists believe that ______ is responsible for the brain changes. a. the brain b. the electrical signal c. the nerves d. the mind Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the contributions of philosophers and scientists to the development of behavioral neuroscience as a field of study Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Localization Issue Difficulty Level: Easy 76. The nature-versus-nurture question deals with the relative influences of ______ and environment on shaping behavior. a. electricity b. brain c. heredity d. mind Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Difficulty Level: Easy 77. What is one concern that has been raised over explaining behaviors with a hereditary cause? a. Heredity removes the mystery in human existence. b. Heredity suggests that anyone can be pushed to engage in bad behavior if given the proper circumstances. c. Heredity leaves no room for choice in behavior. d. Hereditary explanations mean that individuals cannot be held accountable for their bad behaviors. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Difficulty Level: Easy 78. Which of the following statements is true? a. Some genes are found in the mitochondria. b. Every body cell has 23 chromosomes. c. Ova and sperm each contain pairs of chromosomes. d. The sequences of nucleotides that make up our DNA differ among individuals by about 10%. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 79. The plans for cellular processes are contained within our ______. a. brains b. genes c. environment d. electrical signals Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 80. Which of the following statements about chromosomes is true? a. Genes contain chromosomes. b. Chromosomes are all found in mitochondria. c. Chromosomes contain genes. d. Chromosomes come in groups of three. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 81. A direct function of genes is ______. a. influencing behavior b. building the brain and nervous system c. directing the building of proteins d. replication Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 82. How many chromosomes are found in cells of the human body? a. 64 b. 46 c. 44 d. 23 Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 83. Which of the following is a true statement about the sex chromosomes? a. The Y chromosome is shorter than the X chromosome. b. There are 23 pairs of sex chromosomes. c. Mammalian females have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. d. Mammalian males have two X chromosomes. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 84. Which of the following is a true statement about chromosomes? a. Scientists identify individual chromosomes by number. b. Chromosomes are identical in appearance. c. All people have two X chromosomes. d. All people have two Y chromosomes. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 85. How are sperm cells different from body cells? a. Sperm cells do not contain genes. b. Sperm cells contain 45 chromosomes. c. Sperm cells contain 23 chromosomes. d. Sperm cells contain 12 chromosomes. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 86. The process of ______ results in a zygote being created with 23 pairs of chromosomes. a. birth b. ovulation c. implantation d. fertilization Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 87. A fertilized egg, which eventually develops into an organism, is initially called a(n) ______. a. embryo b. fetus c. baby d. zygote Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 88. Kathryn recently took a pregnancy test and discovered that she was pregnant. When she went to her doctor for an examination, she discovered that she had been pregnant for 5 weeks. What term do scientists used to refer to the fertilized egg that is developing in Kathryn’s uterus? a. fetus b. embryo c. baby d. infant Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Hard 89. Most pregnant women undergo regular medical evaluations of their pregnancies beginning at 8 weeks after fertilization. At this point in development, the fertilized egg is referred to by scientists as a(n) ______. a. zygote b. embryo c. fetus d. baby Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Medium 90. Female humans have ______. a. two X chromosomes b. two Y chromosomes c. one X and one Y chromosome d. one X chromosome Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 91. Which scientists are known for reporting that DNA is structured in a double helix? a. Fritsch and Hitzig b. Gall and Spurzheim c. Watson and Crick d. Gage and Broca Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 92. Genes are made of ______. a. chromosomes b. deoxyribonucleic acid c. cell bodies d. mitochondria Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 93. What does the “double helix” refer to? a. the location of genes within body cells b. the paired nature of chromosomes in cells of the body c. the twisted ladder-like structure of DNA d. the fact that genes can be found on chromosomes within the cell body and also in mitochondria Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Medium 94. Which of the following is a nucleotide that makes up DNA? a. cytosine b. glutamate c. nyacin d. uracil Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 95. Which of the following is a nucleotide that makes up DNA? a. uracil b. guanine c. GABA d. acetylcholine Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 96. Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are nucleotides that make up ______. a. cell bodies b. neurotransmitters c. DNA d. RNA Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 97. The code for our genetic information is carried in which of the following? a. the twisting pattern that our DNA creates b. the speed of electrical signals along strands of DNA c. the number of chromosomes we have in each body cell d. the order of nucleotides on our DNA strands Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 98. Genes provide the instructions for making ______. a. chromosomes b. proteins c. nerve cells d. brains Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 99. Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes in the body? a. Enzymes are coded for by DNA. b. Enzymes are used to build cells in the body. c. Enzymes are found in pairs. d. Enzymes are unique to each individual. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Medium 100. Chemical reactions in the body can be modified by ______, which are coded for by genes. a. DNA b. chromosomes c. zygotes d. enzymes Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 101. About what percentage of the genes in any two people are identical? a. approximately 75% b. 25% or less c. over 99% d. approximately 50%, depending on race Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 102. Different versions of a gene are called ______. a. nucleotides b. alleles c. polygenic d. chromosomes Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 103. Which of the following is a true statement about genes? a. All chromosomes contain the same number of genes. b. Chromosomes, but not genes, are paired. c. Genes, but not chromosomes, are paired. d. The Y chromosome has fewer genes than the X chromosome. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 104. Type AB blood is an example of ______. a. two alleles blending to create a result b. one allele that is dominant over another c. one allele that is recessive compared to another d. a homozygous case Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 105. A ______ gene will produce its effect regardless of which gene it is paired with. a. homozygous b. heterozygous c. dominant d. recessive Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 106. A ______ gene will have its effects only when it is paired with a similar gene on the other chromosome. a. polygenic b. heterozygous c. dominant d. recessive Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 107. If a person has different genes for hand clasping preference, they are ______ for that trait. a. homozygous b. heterozygous c. phenotypic d. polygenic Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Medium 108. The specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's ______. a. phenotype b. genotype c. genomic imprint d. somatotype Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 109. The observable characteristics of an individual are referred to as one’s ______. a. phenotype b. genotype c. genome d. somatotype Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 110. An example of an X-linked trait is ______. a. hand clasping b. blood type c. red–green color-blindness d. Huntington’s disease Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 111. Keysha’s mother is homozygous for a dominant allele for unattached earlobes and her father is homozygous for a recessive allele for attached earlobes. What is true about Keysha’s earlobes? a. Keysha has a homozygous genotype. b. Keysha’s phenotype is not predictable from her genotype. c. Keysha has attached earlobes. d. Keysha has unattached earlobes. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Hard 112. Keysha’s mother is homozygous for a dominant allele for unattached earlobes and her father is heterozygous for a recessive allele for attached earlobes. Keysha has two siblings. What of the following is a true statement about Keysha and her siblings? a. Keysha and her siblings will all have the same genotype. b. Keysha and her siblings will all have the same phenotype. c. Keysha and her siblings will all have attached earlobes. d. Keysha, but not her siblings, will have unattached earlobes. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Hard 113. Most behavioral characteristics and psychological disorders are ______. a. polygenic b. recessive c. dominant d. X-linked Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 114. Why are males more likely than females to have a deficiency in red–green color vision? a. Males have more recessive alleles for color vision. b. Males do not use their color vision as much as females. c. Males only receive one X chromosome. d. Color deficiencies are the result of dominant alleles. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Medium 115. Neither of Sean’s parents has a red–green color deficiency, but Sean does. Why is this possible? a. Both of Sean’s parents must be heterozygous for the gene for red–green color deficiency. b. Both of Sean’s parents must be homozygous for the dominant allele for red–green color vision. c. Sean’s father must be heterozygous for the gene for red–green color deficiency. d. Sean’s mother must be heterozygous for the gene for red–green color deficiency. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Hard 116. How do modern psychologists approach the nature-versus-nurture question? a. They feel that both are important to understanding behavior. b. They feel that environment is more important than heredity in understanding behavior. c. They feel that heredity is more important than environment in understanding behavior. d. They feel that environment plays no role in shaping behavior. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 117. The human characteristic that has been most investigated for its genetic basis is ______. a. personality b. creativity c. intelligence d. criminal behavior Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Genetic Code Difficulty Level: Easy 118. What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project? a. to determine if genes are linked to human behaviors b. to identify all the genes in our chromosomes c. to determine the structure of DNA d. to find the mitochondria that contain genes Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 119. When did the Human Genome Project take place? a. 1950s b. 1960s c. 1990s d. 2010s Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 120. How long did it take researchers to sequence all of the genes in the human genome? a. 5 years b. 10 years c. 15 years d. 25 years Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 121. Which of the following statements is true about the Human Genome Project? a. The project revealed we have over 100,000 functioning genes. b. An international version of the project was able to identify what most of the genes actually do in the body. c. The project showed that only about 3% of our DNA sequence encodes for proteins. d. It was used to identify the gene for Huntington’s disease. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 122. About 97% of our DNA does not encode ______. a. proteins b. RNA c. genes d. neurotransmitters Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 123. Which of the following provides support for the idea that the number of protein encoding genes an organism has is not correlated with the organism's complexity? a. Most of our DNA encodes for proteins. b. Humans and chimpanzees have almost the same number of protein-encoding genes. c. “Junk” DNA has no function. d. Humans only have slightly more protein-encoding genes than roundworms. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Medium 124. An organism’s complexity is ______ the number of its genes. a. correlated with b. not correlated with c. equivalent to d. dependent on Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 125. Which of the following is related to the complexity of an organism? a. the number of genes the organism has b. the number of protein encoding genes an organism has c. the amount of noncoding DNA an organism has d. the length of the chromosomes in an organism Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 126. Some of our noncoding DNA controls ______. a. mutation rate b. gene expression c. RNA expression d. our “junk” DNA Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 127. Why is our non–protein-coding DNA no longer called “junk” DNA? a. 80% of it assists in translating other genes for protein production b. 80% of it is nonfunctional c. 80% of it is just left over from evolutionary selection d. it is not related to behavioral complexity Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Medium 128. What function does the noncoding DNA segment HACNS1 have? a. It turns on genes in the forearm and thumb in humans to promote thumb movement. b. It creates thumbs in chimpanzees. c. It creates thumbs in rhesus monkeys. d. It has no known function. Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 129. What concept is supported by studies of the HACNS1 DNA segment? a. that non–protein-coding DNA is just junk left over from evolution b. that only protein-coding DNA is biochemically active c. that non–protein-coding DNA is most of our DNA d. that non–protein-coding DNA indirectly promotes the creation of important proteins Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Medium 130. The gene that causes Huntington’s disease ______. a. was identified in 1970 b. is located on chromosome 4 c. will most likely be identified when the Human Genome Project is complete d. will be impossible to locate with the technology that is currently available Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 131. Which of the following is true of marker genes? a. These are genes whose function is known. b. These are genes that are protein coding. c. These are genes that are non–protein coding. d. These are genes whose location is known. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Medium 132. What information has the Human Genome Project provided to scientists? a. the function of all the genes in humans b. the function of all the genes in mammals c. the location of all the genes in humans d. the evolutionary past of all the genes in humans Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Easy 133. Jordan is a scientist who wants to determine the genes involved in bipolar disorder. How can Jordan use information from the Human Genome Project to assist in this goal? a. Jordan can look up genes that are involved in bipolar disorder symptoms in the Human Genome Project report. b. Jordan can use the Human Genome Project report to identify functions of genes that have been found in relatives of those with bipolar disorder. c. Jordan can use the Human Genome Project report to identify locations of genes that have been found in relatives of those with bipolar disorder. d. Jordan can use the Human Genome Project report to alter the activity of genes involved in bipolar disorder. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Human Genome Project Difficulty Level: Hard 134. In what order have scientists worked on describing genes in humans? a. They have first identified gene functions and then gene locations. b. They have first identified gene locations and then gene functions. c. They have first identified gene functions and then gene appearance. d. They have first identified gene locations and then gene appearance. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-