Nurs 231 Module 9 exam
1. What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids?: Cushing's
2. The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EX-
CEPT:: hypoglycemia
3. Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT:
Lethargy
Hyperglycemia
Retention of sodium
Nausea and vomiting
Hypotension: hyperglycemia
retention of sodium
4. Addison's disease is due to which of the following:
-Adrenal gland dysfunction
-Decreased ACTH stimulation from the pituitary
-Decreased CRH from the hypothalamus
-All of the above
-none of the above: adrenal gland dysfunction
5. T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ.: true
6. T/F: A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that produced it.: false
7. T/F: Target cells must have receptors to recognize a hormone and translate the signal into a cellular response.: true
8. T/F: Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only.: false
9. What is the source of the hormone that plays a major role in the maintenance of body metabolism and growth and
development in children?
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
Thyroid
Pancreas: thyroid
10. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
-markedly reduced beta cell mass
-markedly reduced circulating insulin level
, Nurs 231 Module 9 exam
-gradual, subtle onset
-usualy normal body weight: gradual, subtle onset
11. Each of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus except:
-delayed gastric emptying
-bladder infections
-myxedema
-glaucoma: myxedema (myxedema is associated with hypothyroid)
12. T/F: Glycogenesis means glucose formation.: false (glycogen formation)
13. T/F: When the body is in starvation mode, it breaks down fat into ketones.: true 14. T/F: Most hormones are
controlled through positive feedback.: false (negative
feedback)
15. T/F: Type 2 diabetics can improve hyperglycemia with weight loss.: true
16. T/F: Diabetes can be diagnosed by a fasting blood sugar, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin
A1C.: true
17. A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies
to help him normalize his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at risk for and how you
would screen
for them?: (1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss
of 5-10% of total body weight has been shown to improve glucose control.
(2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia - checking blood pressure and screening with a serum lipid panel.
18. Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics?: vascular damage, decreased
sensation from diabetic neuropathy, poor wound healing, increased risk of bacterial infections from hyperglycemia. If foot wounds
are left untreated, they could become infected, gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes, feet, the lower
leg, or entire extremity.
19. The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) EXCEPT:: ketoacidosis
20. Which drug therapy for diabetes does not cause hypoglycemia and has a side effect of weight loss, making it a
popular oral antidiabetic treatment?: biguanides
(metformin)
21. People with diabetes should be followed closely by their health care provider to monitor glycemic control and be
screened regularly for complications. List 5 ways they should be screened: Checking weight, blood pressure, fasting
blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, microalbumin, foot exam, dilated eye exams, and dental
exam.
22. Normal fasting blood sugars in people without diabetes are between _____.-
1. What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids?: Cushing's
2. The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EX-
CEPT:: hypoglycemia
3. Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT:
Lethargy
Hyperglycemia
Retention of sodium
Nausea and vomiting
Hypotension: hyperglycemia
retention of sodium
4. Addison's disease is due to which of the following:
-Adrenal gland dysfunction
-Decreased ACTH stimulation from the pituitary
-Decreased CRH from the hypothalamus
-All of the above
-none of the above: adrenal gland dysfunction
5. T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ.: true
6. T/F: A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that produced it.: false
7. T/F: Target cells must have receptors to recognize a hormone and translate the signal into a cellular response.: true
8. T/F: Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only.: false
9. What is the source of the hormone that plays a major role in the maintenance of body metabolism and growth and
development in children?
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
Thyroid
Pancreas: thyroid
10. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
-markedly reduced beta cell mass
-markedly reduced circulating insulin level
, Nurs 231 Module 9 exam
-gradual, subtle onset
-usualy normal body weight: gradual, subtle onset
11. Each of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus except:
-delayed gastric emptying
-bladder infections
-myxedema
-glaucoma: myxedema (myxedema is associated with hypothyroid)
12. T/F: Glycogenesis means glucose formation.: false (glycogen formation)
13. T/F: When the body is in starvation mode, it breaks down fat into ketones.: true 14. T/F: Most hormones are
controlled through positive feedback.: false (negative
feedback)
15. T/F: Type 2 diabetics can improve hyperglycemia with weight loss.: true
16. T/F: Diabetes can be diagnosed by a fasting blood sugar, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin
A1C.: true
17. A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies
to help him normalize his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at risk for and how you
would screen
for them?: (1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss
of 5-10% of total body weight has been shown to improve glucose control.
(2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia - checking blood pressure and screening with a serum lipid panel.
18. Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics?: vascular damage, decreased
sensation from diabetic neuropathy, poor wound healing, increased risk of bacterial infections from hyperglycemia. If foot wounds
are left untreated, they could become infected, gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes, feet, the lower
leg, or entire extremity.
19. The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) EXCEPT:: ketoacidosis
20. Which drug therapy for diabetes does not cause hypoglycemia and has a side effect of weight loss, making it a
popular oral antidiabetic treatment?: biguanides
(metformin)
21. People with diabetes should be followed closely by their health care provider to monitor glycemic control and be
screened regularly for complications. List 5 ways they should be screened: Checking weight, blood pressure, fasting
blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, microalbumin, foot exam, dilated eye exams, and dental
exam.
22. Normal fasting blood sugars in people without diabetes are between _____.-
