OCR History A Level England 1035 - 1066 revision
1.Who succeeded Cnut?: Harald I ('Harefoot'), first child from Cnuts marriage to Aelfgifu of Northampton
2.When did Hardecnut take the throne?: 1040
3.What relationship was Edward to William of Normandy?: Cousins
4.What position did Robert of Jumieges receive in 1044 and Edward give in
1050?: 1044- Bishop of London
1050- Archbishop of Canterbury
5. Why did this annoy Earl Godwin?: Kinsman of Elric, who the monks of Canterbury wanted to succeed Eadsige
6. Why was there antagonism between Edward and Godwin before this?: Godwin influential in keeping Ed from throne after
Aethelred's death.
Possibly involved in muder of Ed's brother (Alfred) in 1036.
7. What Earldom did Godwin control?: Wessex
8. What gift did Godwin give Edward when becoming king?: A warship, more splendid than given to Hardecnut , carried 120
men, gold-embroidered purple sail.
Demonstrated Godwins' power and strength and needed their backing.
9. Who was Godwin's oldest son and what areas was he an earl of by 1050?: Swegn, by 1050 Hereford, Gloucester, Oxford,
Berkshire and Somerset
10. Who did Edward marry?: Godwin's daughter Edith
11. How old was Edward when he married?: 40, a concern as there was no heir so instability would ensue after his death.
Perhaps because of his piety, or Edith was unable to conceive.
12. Harold Godwinson was appointed Earl of which area in 1045?: East Anglia
13. Who did Swegn seduce in 1046?: The abbess of Leominister
14. Who did Swegn kill in 1049?: Earl Beorn, Godwin's nephew
15. What happened to Swegn his transgressions in 1046 and 1049?: Exiled for seducing abbess of Leominister and killing
Beorn, recalled in 1050 and restored as Earl.
16. Who got Swegn's earldom whilst he was in exile?: Ralf of Mantes, strengthening the royal position in the West and making
it more Norman (garrisoning castles and features in buildings)
17. What happened in Dover in 1051?: Eustace (Ed's brother-in-law) returning to Boulogne tried to get accommodation +
supplies at Dover, denied this. Fight ensued, number of men and inhabitants killed. Ed ordered Godwin to punish the town, he
refused and was exiled. (Dover Fracas)
18 What allowed Godwin to return to England and retake his lands in 1052?: -
, .
Raised a fleet, sailed up the Thames. Faced the king and demanded restoration of estates. Ed's army would not fight + earls
wouldn't act against Godwin.
19. What was the result of the Godwins return?: Edward's Norman followers fled and Godwin and Harold restored.
20. When did Earl Godwin die?: April 1053
21. Which son became Earl following Godwins death?: Harold Godwinson
22. What area did Tostig control?: Northumbria
23. What title was Harold known by during the later years of Edward's reign?: -
Sub-regulus, as Harolds influence was so big.
24. What year did Harold and Tostig defeat Grufydd of Wales?: May 1063
25. When and why did Northumbria rise up against Tostig?: 1065- rule was harsh, accused of murdering thegns and levying
heavy taxes
26. What was the chronicle written about Edward known as?: Vita Aedwardi- deals with the Godwin family (+ argues its
crucial role in Englands survival) and Edward's holiness
27. Who were the 4 claimants to the throne in 1066?: William of Normandy, Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardrada, Edgar
Aetheling
28. Where was Harold crowned king?: 6th January 1066
29. Who crowned Harold?: Ealdred, Archbishop of York
30. How did the Normans try to discredit Harolds coronation?: Said he was crowned by corrupted Stigand
31. Why was England vulnerable to attack in 1066?: No fleet ready (relied on requisitioning ships), army made up of thegns,
peasants and experienced housecarls, outdated military techniques, no archers 32. why was William keen for Papal support?:
Get people to fight with him as it was seen as a religious wae
33. Why was William able to concentrate all his forces on the invasion?: Most powerful man in north-west Europe, opposition
had died and been replaced with a kid.
34. Edward the Confessor's personality?:
35. Edward the Confessors leadership?:
36. Edward the Confessor's job at securing the kingdom and preventing invasion?: Mostly completed by Godwin.
37 Edward the Confessors efficient government and administration: Interests were more artistic and pious, Westminster abbey.
Use of the witan, showed he even needed advice (embryonic constitutional monarchy).
Fiscal system worked e.g. geld to fight off Vikings.
Could be argued system of government so good it could even survive a weak king.
1.Who succeeded Cnut?: Harald I ('Harefoot'), first child from Cnuts marriage to Aelfgifu of Northampton
2.When did Hardecnut take the throne?: 1040
3.What relationship was Edward to William of Normandy?: Cousins
4.What position did Robert of Jumieges receive in 1044 and Edward give in
1050?: 1044- Bishop of London
1050- Archbishop of Canterbury
5. Why did this annoy Earl Godwin?: Kinsman of Elric, who the monks of Canterbury wanted to succeed Eadsige
6. Why was there antagonism between Edward and Godwin before this?: Godwin influential in keeping Ed from throne after
Aethelred's death.
Possibly involved in muder of Ed's brother (Alfred) in 1036.
7. What Earldom did Godwin control?: Wessex
8. What gift did Godwin give Edward when becoming king?: A warship, more splendid than given to Hardecnut , carried 120
men, gold-embroidered purple sail.
Demonstrated Godwins' power and strength and needed their backing.
9. Who was Godwin's oldest son and what areas was he an earl of by 1050?: Swegn, by 1050 Hereford, Gloucester, Oxford,
Berkshire and Somerset
10. Who did Edward marry?: Godwin's daughter Edith
11. How old was Edward when he married?: 40, a concern as there was no heir so instability would ensue after his death.
Perhaps because of his piety, or Edith was unable to conceive.
12. Harold Godwinson was appointed Earl of which area in 1045?: East Anglia
13. Who did Swegn seduce in 1046?: The abbess of Leominister
14. Who did Swegn kill in 1049?: Earl Beorn, Godwin's nephew
15. What happened to Swegn his transgressions in 1046 and 1049?: Exiled for seducing abbess of Leominister and killing
Beorn, recalled in 1050 and restored as Earl.
16. Who got Swegn's earldom whilst he was in exile?: Ralf of Mantes, strengthening the royal position in the West and making
it more Norman (garrisoning castles and features in buildings)
17. What happened in Dover in 1051?: Eustace (Ed's brother-in-law) returning to Boulogne tried to get accommodation +
supplies at Dover, denied this. Fight ensued, number of men and inhabitants killed. Ed ordered Godwin to punish the town, he
refused and was exiled. (Dover Fracas)
18 What allowed Godwin to return to England and retake his lands in 1052?: -
, .
Raised a fleet, sailed up the Thames. Faced the king and demanded restoration of estates. Ed's army would not fight + earls
wouldn't act against Godwin.
19. What was the result of the Godwins return?: Edward's Norman followers fled and Godwin and Harold restored.
20. When did Earl Godwin die?: April 1053
21. Which son became Earl following Godwins death?: Harold Godwinson
22. What area did Tostig control?: Northumbria
23. What title was Harold known by during the later years of Edward's reign?: -
Sub-regulus, as Harolds influence was so big.
24. What year did Harold and Tostig defeat Grufydd of Wales?: May 1063
25. When and why did Northumbria rise up against Tostig?: 1065- rule was harsh, accused of murdering thegns and levying
heavy taxes
26. What was the chronicle written about Edward known as?: Vita Aedwardi- deals with the Godwin family (+ argues its
crucial role in Englands survival) and Edward's holiness
27. Who were the 4 claimants to the throne in 1066?: William of Normandy, Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardrada, Edgar
Aetheling
28. Where was Harold crowned king?: 6th January 1066
29. Who crowned Harold?: Ealdred, Archbishop of York
30. How did the Normans try to discredit Harolds coronation?: Said he was crowned by corrupted Stigand
31. Why was England vulnerable to attack in 1066?: No fleet ready (relied on requisitioning ships), army made up of thegns,
peasants and experienced housecarls, outdated military techniques, no archers 32. why was William keen for Papal support?:
Get people to fight with him as it was seen as a religious wae
33. Why was William able to concentrate all his forces on the invasion?: Most powerful man in north-west Europe, opposition
had died and been replaced with a kid.
34. Edward the Confessor's personality?:
35. Edward the Confessors leadership?:
36. Edward the Confessor's job at securing the kingdom and preventing invasion?: Mostly completed by Godwin.
37 Edward the Confessors efficient government and administration: Interests were more artistic and pious, Westminster abbey.
Use of the witan, showed he even needed advice (embryonic constitutional monarchy).
Fiscal system worked e.g. geld to fight off Vikings.
Could be argued system of government so good it could even survive a weak king.
