Chapter 1 – Breathing and exchange of gases
1. Which of the following organs is the main site for gaseous exchange in
humans?
A) Trachea B) Bronchi C) Bronchioles D) Alveoli
2. Inspiration in humans occurs when:
A) Diaphragm relaxes and ribs move down
B) Diaphragm contracts and ribs move up
C) Diaphragm contracts and ribs move down
D) Diaphragm relaxes and ribs move up
3. The total volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration is
called:
A) Tidal Volume
B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume
C) Inspiratory Capacity
D) Vital Capacity
4. The exchange of gases between alveoli and blood is due to:
A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Filtration
5. The oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right under:
A) Low temperature and low CO₂
B) High temperature and high CO₂
C) Low temperature and high CO₂
D) High temperature and low CO₂
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,6. The primary respiratory pigment in humans is:
A) Myoglobin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Chlorocruorin
D) Hemocyanin
7. The rate of breathing is controlled by:
A) Pons and midbrain
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Cerebrum
8. Which of the following statements about alveoli is true?
A) They have thick walls
B) They are dry sacs
C) They increase surface area for gas exchange
D) They contain cilia for filtering
9. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A) Vital capacity – air remaining after maximum expiration
B) Residual volume – air remaining after maximum expiration
C) Expiratory reserve volume – normal breathing
D) Tidal volume – maximum volume inspired
10. The respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates is:
A) 0.7 B) 1.0 C) 0.9 D) 0.8
11. The movement of CO₂ from tissues to blood takes place by:
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,A) Simple diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Osmosis
12. Most of the CO₂ in the blood is transported as:
A) Dissolved gas
B) Bicarbonate ion
C) Carbaminohemoglobin
D) Carbonic acid
13. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is present in:
A) Plasma
B) RBCs
C) WBCs
D) Platelets
14. Match the following:
Column I Column II
(a) Inspiration (i) Relaxation of diaphragm
(b) Expiration (ii) Contraction of diaphragm
(c) Residual volume (iii) Air left after forceful exhalation
(d) Vital capacity (iv) Maximum air exhaled after deep breath
A) (a–ii), (b–i), (c–iii), (d–iv)
B) (a–i), (b–ii), (c–iv), (d–iii)
C) (a–ii), (b–iii), (c–i), (d–iv)
D) (a–iv), (b–ii), (c–iii), (d–i)
15. Partial pressure of O₂ in alveoli is approximately:
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, A) 40 mm Hg B) 70 mm Hg C) 104 mm Hg D) 120 mm Hg
16. The respiratory center that regulates rhythmic breathing is located in:
A) Cerebrum B) Medulla C) Hypothalamus D) Thalamus
17. Which of the following is true regarding hemoglobin affinity for O₂?
A) Increases with high pH
B) Increases with high CO₂
C) Increases with high temperature
D) Independent of pH
18. Which of the following best defines “tidal volume”?
A) Air inhaled during normal breathing
B) Air remaining after forced expiration
C) Maximum air inhaled after deep breath
D) Air exhaled forcibly
19. The main factor stimulating the respiratory center is:
A) O₂ concentration in blood
B) CO₂ concentration in blood
C) pH of urine
D) Nitrogen level
20. Which of the following occurs during expiration?
A) Intrapulmonary pressure increases
B) Thoracic volume increases
C) Diaphragm contracts
D) Ribs move upward
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1. Which of the following organs is the main site for gaseous exchange in
humans?
A) Trachea B) Bronchi C) Bronchioles D) Alveoli
2. Inspiration in humans occurs when:
A) Diaphragm relaxes and ribs move down
B) Diaphragm contracts and ribs move up
C) Diaphragm contracts and ribs move down
D) Diaphragm relaxes and ribs move up
3. The total volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration is
called:
A) Tidal Volume
B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume
C) Inspiratory Capacity
D) Vital Capacity
4. The exchange of gases between alveoli and blood is due to:
A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Filtration
5. The oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right under:
A) Low temperature and low CO₂
B) High temperature and high CO₂
C) Low temperature and high CO₂
D) High temperature and low CO₂
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,6. The primary respiratory pigment in humans is:
A) Myoglobin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Chlorocruorin
D) Hemocyanin
7. The rate of breathing is controlled by:
A) Pons and midbrain
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Cerebrum
8. Which of the following statements about alveoli is true?
A) They have thick walls
B) They are dry sacs
C) They increase surface area for gas exchange
D) They contain cilia for filtering
9. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A) Vital capacity – air remaining after maximum expiration
B) Residual volume – air remaining after maximum expiration
C) Expiratory reserve volume – normal breathing
D) Tidal volume – maximum volume inspired
10. The respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates is:
A) 0.7 B) 1.0 C) 0.9 D) 0.8
11. The movement of CO₂ from tissues to blood takes place by:
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,A) Simple diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Osmosis
12. Most of the CO₂ in the blood is transported as:
A) Dissolved gas
B) Bicarbonate ion
C) Carbaminohemoglobin
D) Carbonic acid
13. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is present in:
A) Plasma
B) RBCs
C) WBCs
D) Platelets
14. Match the following:
Column I Column II
(a) Inspiration (i) Relaxation of diaphragm
(b) Expiration (ii) Contraction of diaphragm
(c) Residual volume (iii) Air left after forceful exhalation
(d) Vital capacity (iv) Maximum air exhaled after deep breath
A) (a–ii), (b–i), (c–iii), (d–iv)
B) (a–i), (b–ii), (c–iv), (d–iii)
C) (a–ii), (b–iii), (c–i), (d–iv)
D) (a–iv), (b–ii), (c–iii), (d–i)
15. Partial pressure of O₂ in alveoli is approximately:
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, A) 40 mm Hg B) 70 mm Hg C) 104 mm Hg D) 120 mm Hg
16. The respiratory center that regulates rhythmic breathing is located in:
A) Cerebrum B) Medulla C) Hypothalamus D) Thalamus
17. Which of the following is true regarding hemoglobin affinity for O₂?
A) Increases with high pH
B) Increases with high CO₂
C) Increases with high temperature
D) Independent of pH
18. Which of the following best defines “tidal volume”?
A) Air inhaled during normal breathing
B) Air remaining after forced expiration
C) Maximum air inhaled after deep breath
D) Air exhaled forcibly
19. The main factor stimulating the respiratory center is:
A) O₂ concentration in blood
B) CO₂ concentration in blood
C) pH of urine
D) Nitrogen level
20. Which of the following occurs during expiration?
A) Intrapulmonary pressure increases
B) Thoracic volume increases
C) Diaphragm contracts
D) Ribs move upward
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