CLTD STUDY MATRIX EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS.
3PL: LSP: Third-Party Logistics - ANS A buyer and supplier team with a third party that
provides product delivery services. This third party may provide added supply chain expertise.
4PL: LSP: Fourth-Party Logistics - ANS Fourth-party logistics differs from third-party logistics in
the following ways: (1) the 4PL organization is often a separate entity formed by a joint venture
or other long-term contract between a client and one or more partners; (2) the 4PL organization
is an interface between the client and multiple logistics services providers; (3) ideally, all aspects
of the clientÍs supply chain are managed by the 4PL organization;
ABC Classification - ANS The classification of a group of items in decreasing order of annual
dollar volume or other criteria, split into three classes called A, B, and C.
Activity-based Costing - ANS In activity-based cost accounting, a model, by time period, of
resource costs created because of activities related to products or services or other items
causing the activity to be carried out. Syn: activity-based cost accounting, activity-based costing
model.
Advance Ship Notice - ANS An electronic data interchange (EDI) notification of shipment of
product.
Agile Supply Chain/Manufacturing - ANS The ability to respond quickly to unpredictable
changes in customer needs by reconfiguring operations. Syn: agile manufacturing.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,AIDC: Automatic Identification and Data Capture - ANS A set of technologies that collect data
about objects and then send these data to a computer without human intervention. Examples
include radio frequency wireless devices and terminals, bar code scanners, and smart cards.
AIS: Automatic Identification System - ANS A system that can use various means, including
bar code scanning and radio frequencies, to sense and load data in a computer.
Allocation - ANS 1) The classification of resources or item quantities that have been assigned
to specific orders but have not yet been released from the stockroom to production. It is an
"uncashed" stockroom requisition. 2) A process used to distribute material in short supply. Syn:
assignment.
Anti-bribery Regulations - ANS Country regulations that penalize organizations who engage in
bribery. The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention requires countries to develop such regulations.
Anticipation Inventory - ANS Additional inventories above basic pipeline stock to cover
projected trends of increasing sales, planned sales promotion programs, seasonal fluctuations,
plant shutdowns, and vacations.
APS: Advanced Planning & Scheduling - ANS Techniques that deal with analysis and planning
of logistics and manufacturing during short, intermediate, and long-term time periods. It
describes any computer program that uses advanced mathematical algorithms or logic to
perform optimization or simulation on finite capacity scheduling, sourcing, capital planning,
resource planning, forecasting, demand management, and others.
Asset Recovery (Waste) - ANS The cost-effective classification and recovery of usable raw
materials from product returns, obsolete or excess goods, or scrap and waste. The goals are to
minimize costs and liabilities while maximizing returns from reusable assets.
Associative Forecasting - ANS Uses one or more variables that are believed to affect demand
in order to forecast future demand.
ATO: Assemble-to-order - ANS A production environment where a good or service can be
assembled after receipt of a customer's order.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, ATP: Available-to-Promise - ANS (1) In operations, the uncommitted portion of a company's
inventory and planned production maintained in the master schedule to support customer-
order promising. The ATP quantity is the uncommitted inventory balance in the first period and
is normally calculated for each period in which an MPS receipt is scheduled.
B2B: Business-to-Business commerce - ANS Business conducted over the internet between
businesses. The implication is that this connectivity will cause businesses to transform
themselves via supply chain management to become virtual organizations: reducing costs,
improving quality, reducing delivery lead time, and improving due-date performance.
B2C: Business-to-Consumer - ANS Business being conducted between businesses and final
consumers largely over the internet. It includes traditional brick and mortar businesses that also
offer products online and businesses that trade exclusively electronically.ki'Nn
Backorder - ANS An unfilled customer order or commitment. A backorder is an immediate (or
past due) demand against an item whose inventory is insufficient to satisfy the demand. See:
stockout.
Barcodes - ANS A series of alternating bars and spaces printed or stamped on parts or labels
representing encoded information that can be read by electronic readers.
Barge - ANS A self-propelled, pushed, or pulled flat-bottomed ship for use in inland
waterways. It is frequently used to transport bulk commodities.
Benchmarking - ANS Comparing products, processes, and services to another organization
thought to have superior performance. The benchmark target may or may not be a competitor
or even in the same industry. There are seven common forms of benchmarking. See:
competitive benchmarking, financial benchmarking, functional benchmarking, performance
benchmarking, process benchmarking, product benchmarking, strategic benchmarking.
Bias - ANS A consistent deviation from the mean in one direction high or low. Good forecasts
are not biased.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS.
3PL: LSP: Third-Party Logistics - ANS A buyer and supplier team with a third party that
provides product delivery services. This third party may provide added supply chain expertise.
4PL: LSP: Fourth-Party Logistics - ANS Fourth-party logistics differs from third-party logistics in
the following ways: (1) the 4PL organization is often a separate entity formed by a joint venture
or other long-term contract between a client and one or more partners; (2) the 4PL organization
is an interface between the client and multiple logistics services providers; (3) ideally, all aspects
of the clientÍs supply chain are managed by the 4PL organization;
ABC Classification - ANS The classification of a group of items in decreasing order of annual
dollar volume or other criteria, split into three classes called A, B, and C.
Activity-based Costing - ANS In activity-based cost accounting, a model, by time period, of
resource costs created because of activities related to products or services or other items
causing the activity to be carried out. Syn: activity-based cost accounting, activity-based costing
model.
Advance Ship Notice - ANS An electronic data interchange (EDI) notification of shipment of
product.
Agile Supply Chain/Manufacturing - ANS The ability to respond quickly to unpredictable
changes in customer needs by reconfiguring operations. Syn: agile manufacturing.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,AIDC: Automatic Identification and Data Capture - ANS A set of technologies that collect data
about objects and then send these data to a computer without human intervention. Examples
include radio frequency wireless devices and terminals, bar code scanners, and smart cards.
AIS: Automatic Identification System - ANS A system that can use various means, including
bar code scanning and radio frequencies, to sense and load data in a computer.
Allocation - ANS 1) The classification of resources or item quantities that have been assigned
to specific orders but have not yet been released from the stockroom to production. It is an
"uncashed" stockroom requisition. 2) A process used to distribute material in short supply. Syn:
assignment.
Anti-bribery Regulations - ANS Country regulations that penalize organizations who engage in
bribery. The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention requires countries to develop such regulations.
Anticipation Inventory - ANS Additional inventories above basic pipeline stock to cover
projected trends of increasing sales, planned sales promotion programs, seasonal fluctuations,
plant shutdowns, and vacations.
APS: Advanced Planning & Scheduling - ANS Techniques that deal with analysis and planning
of logistics and manufacturing during short, intermediate, and long-term time periods. It
describes any computer program that uses advanced mathematical algorithms or logic to
perform optimization or simulation on finite capacity scheduling, sourcing, capital planning,
resource planning, forecasting, demand management, and others.
Asset Recovery (Waste) - ANS The cost-effective classification and recovery of usable raw
materials from product returns, obsolete or excess goods, or scrap and waste. The goals are to
minimize costs and liabilities while maximizing returns from reusable assets.
Associative Forecasting - ANS Uses one or more variables that are believed to affect demand
in order to forecast future demand.
ATO: Assemble-to-order - ANS A production environment where a good or service can be
assembled after receipt of a customer's order.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, ATP: Available-to-Promise - ANS (1) In operations, the uncommitted portion of a company's
inventory and planned production maintained in the master schedule to support customer-
order promising. The ATP quantity is the uncommitted inventory balance in the first period and
is normally calculated for each period in which an MPS receipt is scheduled.
B2B: Business-to-Business commerce - ANS Business conducted over the internet between
businesses. The implication is that this connectivity will cause businesses to transform
themselves via supply chain management to become virtual organizations: reducing costs,
improving quality, reducing delivery lead time, and improving due-date performance.
B2C: Business-to-Consumer - ANS Business being conducted between businesses and final
consumers largely over the internet. It includes traditional brick and mortar businesses that also
offer products online and businesses that trade exclusively electronically.ki'Nn
Backorder - ANS An unfilled customer order or commitment. A backorder is an immediate (or
past due) demand against an item whose inventory is insufficient to satisfy the demand. See:
stockout.
Barcodes - ANS A series of alternating bars and spaces printed or stamped on parts or labels
representing encoded information that can be read by electronic readers.
Barge - ANS A self-propelled, pushed, or pulled flat-bottomed ship for use in inland
waterways. It is frequently used to transport bulk commodities.
Benchmarking - ANS Comparing products, processes, and services to another organization
thought to have superior performance. The benchmark target may or may not be a competitor
or even in the same industry. There are seven common forms of benchmarking. See:
competitive benchmarking, financial benchmarking, functional benchmarking, performance
benchmarking, process benchmarking, product benchmarking, strategic benchmarking.
Bias - ANS A consistent deviation from the mean in one direction high or low. Good forecasts
are not biased.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
