Med.C.©2
, Med.C.©20
Chapter.1..The.Foundations.of.Biochemistry.(Answe
rs.are.at.the.End.of.Each.Chapter)
1. In.a.bacterial.cell,.the.DNA. is.in.the:
A) cell.envelope.
B) cell.membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A.major.change.occurring.in.the.evolution.of.eukaryotes.from.prokaryotes.was.the.dev
elopment.of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic.capability.
C) plasma.membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the.nucleus.
3. In.eukaryotes,.the.nucleus.is.enclosed.by.a.double.membrane.called.the:
A) cell.membrane.
B) nuclear.envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The.dimensions.of.living.cells.are.limited,.on.the.lower.end.by.the.minimum.number.of.biom
olecules.necessary.for.function,.and.on.the.upper.end.by.the.rate.of.diffusion.of.solutes.such.a
s.oxygen..Except.for.highly.elongated.cells,.they.usually.have.lengths.and.diameters.in.the.ra
nge.of:
A) 0.1.m.to.10.m.
B) 0.3.m.to.30.m.
C) 0.3.m.to.100.m.
D) 1.m.to.100.m.
E) 1.m.to.300.m.
5. Which.group.of.single-
celled.microorganisms.has.many.members.found.growing.in.extreme.environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None.of.the.answers.is.correct.
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, Med.C.©20
6. The.bacterium.E..coli.requires.simple.organic.molecules.for.growth.and.energy—
it.is.therefore.a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which.is.a.list.of.organelles?
A) mitochondria,.chromatin,.endoplasmic.reticulum
B) peroxisomes,.lysosomes,.plasma.membrane
C) proteasomes,.peroxisomes,.lysosomes
D) mitochondria,.endoplasmic.reticulum,.peroxisomes
E) All.of.the.answers.are.correct.
8. Which.list.has.the.cellular.components.arranged.in.order.of.INCREASING. size?
A) amino.acid.<.protein.<.mitochondrion.<.ribosome
B) amino.acid.<.protein.<.ribosome.<.mitochondrion
C) amino.acid.<.ribosome.<.protein.<.mitochondrion
D) protein.<.amino.acid.<.mitochondrion.<.ribosome
E) protein.<.ribosome.<.mitochondrion.<.amino.acid
9. The.three-
dimensional.structure.of.macromolecules.is.formed.and.maintained.primarily.through.nonc
ovalent.interactions..Which.one.of.the.following.is.NOT.considered.a.noncovalent.interacti
on?
A) carbon-carbon.bonds
B) hydrogen.bonds
C) hydrophobic.interactions
D) ionic.interactions
E) van.der.Waals.interactions
10. Which.element.is.NOT.among.the.four.most.abundant.in.living.organisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
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, Med.C.©20
11. The.four.covalent.bonds.in.methane.(CH4).are.arranged.around.carbon.to.give.which.geo
metry?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal.bipyramidal
D) trigonal.planar
E) trigonal.pyramidal
12. What.functional.groups.are.present.on.this.molecule?
A) ether.and. aldehyde
B) hydroxyl.and.aldehyde
C) hydroxyl.and.carboxylic.acid
D) hydroxyl.and.ester
E) hydroxyl.and.ketone
13. The.macromolecules.that.serve.in.the.storage.and.transmission.of.genetic.information.are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic.acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers.that.are.nonsuperimposable.mirror.images.of.each.other.are.known.as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans.isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric.isomers.
15. The.catalog.of.all.proteins.functioning.in.a.cell. is.the:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page.3
, Med.C.©20
Chapter.1..The.Foundations.of.Biochemistry.(Answe
rs.are.at.the.End.of.Each.Chapter)
1. In.a.bacterial.cell,.the.DNA. is.in.the:
A) cell.envelope.
B) cell.membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A.major.change.occurring.in.the.evolution.of.eukaryotes.from.prokaryotes.was.the.dev
elopment.of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic.capability.
C) plasma.membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the.nucleus.
3. In.eukaryotes,.the.nucleus.is.enclosed.by.a.double.membrane.called.the:
A) cell.membrane.
B) nuclear.envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The.dimensions.of.living.cells.are.limited,.on.the.lower.end.by.the.minimum.number.of.biom
olecules.necessary.for.function,.and.on.the.upper.end.by.the.rate.of.diffusion.of.solutes.such.a
s.oxygen..Except.for.highly.elongated.cells,.they.usually.have.lengths.and.diameters.in.the.ra
nge.of:
A) 0.1.m.to.10.m.
B) 0.3.m.to.30.m.
C) 0.3.m.to.100.m.
D) 1.m.to.100.m.
E) 1.m.to.300.m.
5. Which.group.of.single-
celled.microorganisms.has.many.members.found.growing.in.extreme.environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None.of.the.answers.is.correct.
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, Med.C.©20
6. The.bacterium.E..coli.requires.simple.organic.molecules.for.growth.and.energy—
it.is.therefore.a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which.is.a.list.of.organelles?
A) mitochondria,.chromatin,.endoplasmic.reticulum
B) peroxisomes,.lysosomes,.plasma.membrane
C) proteasomes,.peroxisomes,.lysosomes
D) mitochondria,.endoplasmic.reticulum,.peroxisomes
E) All.of.the.answers.are.correct.
8. Which.list.has.the.cellular.components.arranged.in.order.of.INCREASING. size?
A) amino.acid.<.protein.<.mitochondrion.<.ribosome
B) amino.acid.<.protein.<.ribosome.<.mitochondrion
C) amino.acid.<.ribosome.<.protein.<.mitochondrion
D) protein.<.amino.acid.<.mitochondrion.<.ribosome
E) protein.<.ribosome.<.mitochondrion.<.amino.acid
9. The.three-
dimensional.structure.of.macromolecules.is.formed.and.maintained.primarily.through.nonc
ovalent.interactions..Which.one.of.the.following.is.NOT.considered.a.noncovalent.interacti
on?
A) carbon-carbon.bonds
B) hydrogen.bonds
C) hydrophobic.interactions
D) ionic.interactions
E) van.der.Waals.interactions
10. Which.element.is.NOT.among.the.four.most.abundant.in.living.organisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page.2
, Med.C.©20
11. The.four.covalent.bonds.in.methane.(CH4).are.arranged.around.carbon.to.give.which.geo
metry?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal.bipyramidal
D) trigonal.planar
E) trigonal.pyramidal
12. What.functional.groups.are.present.on.this.molecule?
A) ether.and. aldehyde
B) hydroxyl.and.aldehyde
C) hydroxyl.and.carboxylic.acid
D) hydroxyl.and.ester
E) hydroxyl.and.ketone
13. The.macromolecules.that.serve.in.the.storage.and.transmission.of.genetic.information.are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic.acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers.that.are.nonsuperimposable.mirror.images.of.each.other.are.known.as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans.isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric.isomers.
15. The.catalog.of.all.proteins.functioning.in.a.cell. is.the:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page.3
