NURS 5338 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - ✔✔Animalia, Plantae, Fungi,
Protista
✔✔In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where? - ✔✔Membrane
✔✔True or False: The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light. - ✔✔False
✔✔Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - ✔✔No. Viruses are
considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not considered living and do
not replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a host.
✔✔True or False: The distinguishing characteristic of Gram-Negative bacteria is the
presence of LPS in the outer membrane. - ✔✔True
✔✔The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? - ✔✔The cell
membrane is a bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they
contain a polar hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic
(water fearing) tail region. The lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where the non-polar
tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to interact with water both
outside and inside of the cell.
✔✔True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism - ✔✔False
✔✔True or False: If you wish to study the motility of an organism you cannot heat fix,
but you can chemically fix the specimen. - ✔✔False both heat and chemical will kill the
cell
✔✔You want to observe the size and shape of a cell. What is the easiest staining
technique that you could perform? Name at least one dye you would use during this
process. - ✔✔Simple stain. You could use any of the following: methylene blue, crystal
violet, safranin or
fuschin.
✔✔What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know
the roles of each. - ✔✔Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis),
Golgi (protein modification and distribution), lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria
(ATP generation) and chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).
✔✔You suspect a patient may have TB. Once a sample has been obtained, it is sent off
to the lab for an acid-fast stain. If the patient were infected with TB, describe what you
,would expect to see on the stained slide. - ✔✔You would expect to see red cells (TB+)
on a blue background (TB negative).
✔✔True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism. - ✔✔False
✔✔At a general level, all cells are comprised of what? - ✔✔Macromolecules
✔✔True or False: A Giemsa stain can be used to determine the presence of pathogenic
bacteria. - ✔✔True
✔✔How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins?
- ✔✔20
✔✔How many amino acids are essential? - ✔✔9
✔✔True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule - ✔✔False
✔✔True or False. The purpose of a quadrant streak is to produce individual colonies of
a bacterial population. - ✔✔True
✔✔A dilution gradient is formed when carrying out what generalize plating strategy? -
✔✔Phase-Dilution streak
✔✔Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for
each complementary pair:
3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CC AGC 3' - ✔✔3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CCAGTAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
✔✔In what phase of a dilution streak would you expect to find the highest concentration
of bacteria, P2 or P4? - ✔✔P2
✔✔The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A) Only restricts movement of materials into the cell.
B) Is often a bilyaer comprised of lipids
C) Cannot prevent essential nutrients from escaping D)Contains hydrophobic tails
pointing inward. - ✔✔B&D
✔✔How many carbon atoms are present in glucose - ✔✔6
✔✔True or False. When performing a dilution streak a new (or sterilized) loop is not
required for each phase as long as the bacterial culture is pure. - ✔✔False
,✔✔True of False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. - ✔✔False
✔✔True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into bacteria and Archeae -
✔✔True
✔✔Proteins are formed from various combinations of _______ of which there are _____
known forms - ✔✔amino acids, 20
✔✔The number of phases (3 vs. 4) and/or the number of times a loop passes through a
previous phase (once vs. multiple times) is acceptable provided what happens? -
✔✔The resulting gradient has in it the growth of individual colonies.
✔✔True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions. -
✔✔True
✔✔Complete the following RNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for
each complementary pair:
3' GGUCAUCG 5'
5' CC AGC 3' - ✔✔3' GGUCAUCG 5'
5' CCAGUAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C
✔✔Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista are all classification under what type of
organism?
A. Bacteria
B. Eukarya
C. Archaea
D. Virus - ✔✔B. Only Eukarya contains animals, plants, fungi and protists.
✔✔True or False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic.
- ✔✔False
✔✔True or False. To restrict the growth of a pathogenic microbe a researcher might
decrease an incubator from 37°C to 25°C. - ✔✔True
✔✔When given an unknown bacterial sample the first step is to expand the current
bacterial population. Which form of media best suites this need? Why? - ✔✔LB media
because all of the other forms are selective media meaning they may potentially inhibit
the growth of the unknown sample.
✔✔What is cellular metabolism? - ✔✔Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical
reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.
, ✔✔True or False. Only directly ingesting the pre-formed clostridium toxin (neither the
bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults. - ✔✔True
✔✔True or False. There are currently no cures for tetanus. - ✔✔True
✔✔What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? -
✔✔Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed
during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be
regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are
inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
✔✔The alpha-toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical condition caused by
Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria?
A. Gas gangrene
B. Tetanus
C. Leprosy
D. Botulism - ✔✔A.
✔✔True or False. Bubonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph
nodes. - ✔✔True
✔✔True or False. Chlyamida is an obligate parasite and as such can be grown on agar
plates alone. - ✔✔False
✔✔What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - ✔✔Catabolism is the
process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources whereas
anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular
units into larger complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair.
✔✔True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover
the entire body. - ✔✔False
✔✔What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26,
1977) to be officially declared eradicated? - ✔✔Smallpox also known as variola virus
✔✔ATP has the energy to________, while ADP has the capacity to _______energy. -
✔✔Answer 1: Donate Answer 2: Accept
✔✔By whom and where was the first polio vaccine developed? - ✔✔By Jonas Salk at
the University of Pittsburgh
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - ✔✔Animalia, Plantae, Fungi,
Protista
✔✔In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where? - ✔✔Membrane
✔✔True or False: The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light. - ✔✔False
✔✔Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - ✔✔No. Viruses are
considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not considered living and do
not replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a host.
✔✔True or False: The distinguishing characteristic of Gram-Negative bacteria is the
presence of LPS in the outer membrane. - ✔✔True
✔✔The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? - ✔✔The cell
membrane is a bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they
contain a polar hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic
(water fearing) tail region. The lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where the non-polar
tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to interact with water both
outside and inside of the cell.
✔✔True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism - ✔✔False
✔✔True or False: If you wish to study the motility of an organism you cannot heat fix,
but you can chemically fix the specimen. - ✔✔False both heat and chemical will kill the
cell
✔✔You want to observe the size and shape of a cell. What is the easiest staining
technique that you could perform? Name at least one dye you would use during this
process. - ✔✔Simple stain. You could use any of the following: methylene blue, crystal
violet, safranin or
fuschin.
✔✔What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know
the roles of each. - ✔✔Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis),
Golgi (protein modification and distribution), lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria
(ATP generation) and chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).
✔✔You suspect a patient may have TB. Once a sample has been obtained, it is sent off
to the lab for an acid-fast stain. If the patient were infected with TB, describe what you
,would expect to see on the stained slide. - ✔✔You would expect to see red cells (TB+)
on a blue background (TB negative).
✔✔True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism. - ✔✔False
✔✔At a general level, all cells are comprised of what? - ✔✔Macromolecules
✔✔True or False: A Giemsa stain can be used to determine the presence of pathogenic
bacteria. - ✔✔True
✔✔How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins?
- ✔✔20
✔✔How many amino acids are essential? - ✔✔9
✔✔True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule - ✔✔False
✔✔True or False. The purpose of a quadrant streak is to produce individual colonies of
a bacterial population. - ✔✔True
✔✔A dilution gradient is formed when carrying out what generalize plating strategy? -
✔✔Phase-Dilution streak
✔✔Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for
each complementary pair:
3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CC AGC 3' - ✔✔3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CCAGTAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
✔✔In what phase of a dilution streak would you expect to find the highest concentration
of bacteria, P2 or P4? - ✔✔P2
✔✔The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A) Only restricts movement of materials into the cell.
B) Is often a bilyaer comprised of lipids
C) Cannot prevent essential nutrients from escaping D)Contains hydrophobic tails
pointing inward. - ✔✔B&D
✔✔How many carbon atoms are present in glucose - ✔✔6
✔✔True or False. When performing a dilution streak a new (or sterilized) loop is not
required for each phase as long as the bacterial culture is pure. - ✔✔False
,✔✔True of False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. - ✔✔False
✔✔True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into bacteria and Archeae -
✔✔True
✔✔Proteins are formed from various combinations of _______ of which there are _____
known forms - ✔✔amino acids, 20
✔✔The number of phases (3 vs. 4) and/or the number of times a loop passes through a
previous phase (once vs. multiple times) is acceptable provided what happens? -
✔✔The resulting gradient has in it the growth of individual colonies.
✔✔True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions. -
✔✔True
✔✔Complete the following RNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for
each complementary pair:
3' GGUCAUCG 5'
5' CC AGC 3' - ✔✔3' GGUCAUCG 5'
5' CCAGUAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C
✔✔Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista are all classification under what type of
organism?
A. Bacteria
B. Eukarya
C. Archaea
D. Virus - ✔✔B. Only Eukarya contains animals, plants, fungi and protists.
✔✔True or False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic.
- ✔✔False
✔✔True or False. To restrict the growth of a pathogenic microbe a researcher might
decrease an incubator from 37°C to 25°C. - ✔✔True
✔✔When given an unknown bacterial sample the first step is to expand the current
bacterial population. Which form of media best suites this need? Why? - ✔✔LB media
because all of the other forms are selective media meaning they may potentially inhibit
the growth of the unknown sample.
✔✔What is cellular metabolism? - ✔✔Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical
reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.
, ✔✔True or False. Only directly ingesting the pre-formed clostridium toxin (neither the
bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults. - ✔✔True
✔✔True or False. There are currently no cures for tetanus. - ✔✔True
✔✔What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? -
✔✔Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed
during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be
regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are
inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
✔✔The alpha-toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical condition caused by
Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria?
A. Gas gangrene
B. Tetanus
C. Leprosy
D. Botulism - ✔✔A.
✔✔True or False. Bubonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph
nodes. - ✔✔True
✔✔True or False. Chlyamida is an obligate parasite and as such can be grown on agar
plates alone. - ✔✔False
✔✔What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - ✔✔Catabolism is the
process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources whereas
anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular
units into larger complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair.
✔✔True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover
the entire body. - ✔✔False
✔✔What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26,
1977) to be officially declared eradicated? - ✔✔Smallpox also known as variola virus
✔✔ATP has the energy to________, while ADP has the capacity to _______energy. -
✔✔Answer 1: Donate Answer 2: Accept
✔✔By whom and where was the first polio vaccine developed? - ✔✔By Jonas Salk at
the University of Pittsburgh
