CJ 101 exam 3 chapter 7-9 north Idaho
college NEWEST 2026 EXAM PASSING
SYSTEM WITH AUTHENTIC SOLUTIONS
WELL ELABORATED AND COMPLETE
ANSWERS
System Structure and Appellate Review
Q: The United States does not have a single judicial system, but 52 different
systems—one for each state, the District of Columbia, and the federal
government.
A: ✔✔ True. Because of federalism, each state operates its own independent
court system. When you add the federal court system and the District of
Columbia’s unique system, you have 52 distinct jurisdictions. While they often
look similar, they each have their own specific rules of procedure and local laws.
Q: An appellate court will rarely question a jury's decision; instead, the
appellate judges will review the manner in which the facts and evidence were
provided to the jury and rule on whether errors were made in the process.
A: ✔✔ True. Appellate courts are not "do-over" trials. They do not hear new
witnesses or look at new evidence. Their job is to ensure the legal process was
followed correctly. They assume the jury was correct about the facts (e.g., "the
light was red") but check to see if the law was applied correctly (e.g., "the judge
shouldn't have allowed that hearsay evidence").
Judicial Opinions and Legal Ethics
Q: Supreme Court Justices may write concurring opinions, outlining the
reason why they feel the majority's decision erred.
A: ✔✔ False. This is a common point of confusion.
Concurring Opinion: Written by a justice who agrees with the majority's
ultimate conclusion (who wins) but disagrees with the legal reasoning used
to get there.
, Dissenting Opinion: This is the opinion written by a justice who believes
the majority erred and reached the wrong conclusion entirely.
Q: If a defendant provides less than truthful information, there is no attorney-
client privilege.
A: ✔✔ False. The attorney-client privilege exists specifically so that a client can
be completely honest with their lawyer, even if they have done something wrong
or are being untruthful to others.
The Rule: A client lying to their lawyer does not break the privilege. In
fact, many clients lie to their lawyers out of fear or embarrassment.
The Exception: The privilege only breaks under the Crime-Fraud
Exception—if the client uses the lawyer's advice to commit a new crime or
cover up a future fraud (like planning to commit perjury on the stand). Lies
about past events remain strictly privileged.
A client is protected by attorney-client privilege if the client reveals a past crime. -
ANSWER✔✔true
The function of the court is concerned with protecting the rights ofindividual
citizens against the power of the state. -ANSWER✔✔due process
Which of the following is not a decision made by appellate court judges? -
ANSWER✔✔whether there should be a retrial or additional charges
During the pretrial process, the holds a great deal of discretion as to whether
anindividual who has been arrested by the police will be charged. -
ANSWER✔✔prosecutor
college NEWEST 2026 EXAM PASSING
SYSTEM WITH AUTHENTIC SOLUTIONS
WELL ELABORATED AND COMPLETE
ANSWERS
System Structure and Appellate Review
Q: The United States does not have a single judicial system, but 52 different
systems—one for each state, the District of Columbia, and the federal
government.
A: ✔✔ True. Because of federalism, each state operates its own independent
court system. When you add the federal court system and the District of
Columbia’s unique system, you have 52 distinct jurisdictions. While they often
look similar, they each have their own specific rules of procedure and local laws.
Q: An appellate court will rarely question a jury's decision; instead, the
appellate judges will review the manner in which the facts and evidence were
provided to the jury and rule on whether errors were made in the process.
A: ✔✔ True. Appellate courts are not "do-over" trials. They do not hear new
witnesses or look at new evidence. Their job is to ensure the legal process was
followed correctly. They assume the jury was correct about the facts (e.g., "the
light was red") but check to see if the law was applied correctly (e.g., "the judge
shouldn't have allowed that hearsay evidence").
Judicial Opinions and Legal Ethics
Q: Supreme Court Justices may write concurring opinions, outlining the
reason why they feel the majority's decision erred.
A: ✔✔ False. This is a common point of confusion.
Concurring Opinion: Written by a justice who agrees with the majority's
ultimate conclusion (who wins) but disagrees with the legal reasoning used
to get there.
, Dissenting Opinion: This is the opinion written by a justice who believes
the majority erred and reached the wrong conclusion entirely.
Q: If a defendant provides less than truthful information, there is no attorney-
client privilege.
A: ✔✔ False. The attorney-client privilege exists specifically so that a client can
be completely honest with their lawyer, even if they have done something wrong
or are being untruthful to others.
The Rule: A client lying to their lawyer does not break the privilege. In
fact, many clients lie to their lawyers out of fear or embarrassment.
The Exception: The privilege only breaks under the Crime-Fraud
Exception—if the client uses the lawyer's advice to commit a new crime or
cover up a future fraud (like planning to commit perjury on the stand). Lies
about past events remain strictly privileged.
A client is protected by attorney-client privilege if the client reveals a past crime. -
ANSWER✔✔true
The function of the court is concerned with protecting the rights ofindividual
citizens against the power of the state. -ANSWER✔✔due process
Which of the following is not a decision made by appellate court judges? -
ANSWER✔✔whether there should be a retrial or additional charges
During the pretrial process, the holds a great deal of discretion as to whether
anindividual who has been arrested by the police will be charged. -
ANSWER✔✔prosecutor
