, 2
Inhoud
College 1: Introductie en cellen ................................................................................................6
Anatomie en fysiologie .........................................................................................................6
Organisatieniveaus ..............................................................................................................6
Overzicht orgaanstelsels ......................................................................................................6
Regulering door homeostase ................................................................................................6
De taal van de anatomie .......................................................................................................8
Cellen .................................................................................................................................9
Plasmamembraan ............................................................................................................9
Plasmamembraan – 2 fosfolipiden ....................................................................................9
Mitochondriën................................................................................................................ 10
Ribosomen .................................................................................................................... 10
Endoplasmatisch reticulum ............................................................................................ 10
Golgiapparaat ................................................................................................................ 10
Lysosomen .................................................................................................................... 11
Cytoskelet...................................................................................................................... 11
Celkern .......................................................................................................................... 12
College 2: celdeling en oncologie ........................................................................................... 13
De levenscyclus van de cel ................................................................................................. 13
Celdeling ........................................................................................................................... 13
Apoptose en differentiatie .................................................................................................. 13
Pathologie carcinogenese .................................................................................................. 13
Oncogenen en tumor supressorgenen ................................................................................ 14
Benigne en maligne............................................................................................................ 14
Metastering ....................................................................................................................... 15
Tumormarkers ................................................................................................................... 15
TNM-classificatie ............................................................................................................... 15
Behandeling ...................................................................................................................... 16
Chirurgische ingreep .......................................................................................................... 16
Radiotherapie .................................................................................................................... 16
Chemotherapie.................................................................................................................. 17
Hormoontherapie .............................................................................................................. 17
Immuuntherapie ................................................................................................................ 18
Mammacarcinoom ............................................................................................................ 18
, 3
Bi-rads classificatie............................................................................................................ 18
Collega 4: Weefsels en huid ................................................................................................... 19
Weefsels ........................................................................................................................... 19
Epitheel (bedekkend weefsel) ............................................................................................. 19
Bindweefsel ....................................................................................................................... 20
Anatomie van de huid......................................................................................................... 20
Adnexen ............................................................................................................................ 21
Epidermis .......................................................................................................................... 21
College 5: melanoom en huidaandoeningen ........................................................................... 24
Melanoom ......................................................................................................................... 24
Basaalcelcarcinoom (BCC) ................................................................................................ 24
Acne vulgaris (jeugdpuistjes) .............................................................................................. 25
Huidveroudering ................................................................................................................ 26
Decubitus (doorligwonden) ................................................................................................ 26
Brandwonden .................................................................................................................... 27
College 7: Botten en gewrichten ............................................................................................. 28
Het skelet .......................................................................................................................... 28
Botceltypen ....................................................................................................................... 29
Het skelet: anatomie .......................................................................................................... 30
Pols & hand ....................................................................................................................... 30
Wervelkolom ..................................................................................................................... 30
Borstkas (thorax) ................................................................................................................ 31
Bekkengordel (pelvis) ......................................................................................................... 31
Onderste extremiteiten: ..................................................................................................... 32
Gewrichten ........................................................................................................................ 32
Bewegingen ....................................................................................................................... 33
Schoudergewricht.............................................................................................................. 33
Elleboog ............................................................................................................................ 33
Heupgewricht .................................................................................................................... 33
Kniegewricht...................................................................................................................... 34
Botfracturen ...................................................................................................................... 34
College 8: mobiliteitsaandoeningen ....................................................................................... 35
Luxaties............................................................................................................................. 35
Fracturen........................................................................................................................... 35
Bot- en kraakbeenmaligniteiten .......................................................................................... 37
Reumatoïde artritis ............................................................................................................ 38
, 4
Osteoporose...................................................................................................................... 39
Artrose .............................................................................................................................. 40
College 10: Glucose- en vetmetabolisme ............................................................................... 41
Bouwstenen van cellen ...................................................................................................... 41
Katabolisme en anabolisme ............................................................................................... 42
Spiercelmetabolisme: ........................................................................................................ 43
Cholesterol:....................................................................................................................... 43
Transport door celmembraan ............................................................................................. 43
Actief transport .................................................................................................................. 44
Diffusie en osmose ............................................................................................................ 44
College 11: Ondervoeding en uitdroging ................................................................................. 46
Nutritie en dieet ................................................................................................................. 46
Energiehuishouding ........................................................................................................... 46
Ondervoeding .................................................................................................................... 47
Dehydratie ......................................................................................................................... 47
College 13: Nieren en aandoeningen ...................................................................................... 48
Anatomie van de nieren ...................................................................................................... 48
Uitwendige anatomie van de nier ........................................................................................ 48
Nefronen ........................................................................................................................... 48
Glomerulus en kapsel van Bowman .................................................................................... 49
Urineproductie .................................................................................................................. 49
Nierhuishouding ................................................................................................................ 51
Renine angiotensinesyteem ............................................................................................... 51
Zuur-base evenwicht .......................................................................................................... 51
Acuut en chronisch nierfalen .............................................................................................. 52
College 14: Urologie en incontinentie ..................................................................................... 54
Functie van de urinewegen ................................................................................................. 54
Transport, opslag en verwijdering: ...................................................................................... 54
Incontinentie ..................................................................................................................... 55
Nierbekkenontsteking (pyelonefritis) .................................................................................. 56
Blaasretentie ..................................................................................................................... 56
College 16: Spijsverteringsstelsel ........................................................................................... 57
Overzicht van spijsverteringsstelsel .................................................................................... 57
De mondholte.................................................................................................................... 58
Oesophagus ...................................................................................................................... 58
Slikproces ......................................................................................................................... 59
Inhoud
College 1: Introductie en cellen ................................................................................................6
Anatomie en fysiologie .........................................................................................................6
Organisatieniveaus ..............................................................................................................6
Overzicht orgaanstelsels ......................................................................................................6
Regulering door homeostase ................................................................................................6
De taal van de anatomie .......................................................................................................8
Cellen .................................................................................................................................9
Plasmamembraan ............................................................................................................9
Plasmamembraan – 2 fosfolipiden ....................................................................................9
Mitochondriën................................................................................................................ 10
Ribosomen .................................................................................................................... 10
Endoplasmatisch reticulum ............................................................................................ 10
Golgiapparaat ................................................................................................................ 10
Lysosomen .................................................................................................................... 11
Cytoskelet...................................................................................................................... 11
Celkern .......................................................................................................................... 12
College 2: celdeling en oncologie ........................................................................................... 13
De levenscyclus van de cel ................................................................................................. 13
Celdeling ........................................................................................................................... 13
Apoptose en differentiatie .................................................................................................. 13
Pathologie carcinogenese .................................................................................................. 13
Oncogenen en tumor supressorgenen ................................................................................ 14
Benigne en maligne............................................................................................................ 14
Metastering ....................................................................................................................... 15
Tumormarkers ................................................................................................................... 15
TNM-classificatie ............................................................................................................... 15
Behandeling ...................................................................................................................... 16
Chirurgische ingreep .......................................................................................................... 16
Radiotherapie .................................................................................................................... 16
Chemotherapie.................................................................................................................. 17
Hormoontherapie .............................................................................................................. 17
Immuuntherapie ................................................................................................................ 18
Mammacarcinoom ............................................................................................................ 18
, 3
Bi-rads classificatie............................................................................................................ 18
Collega 4: Weefsels en huid ................................................................................................... 19
Weefsels ........................................................................................................................... 19
Epitheel (bedekkend weefsel) ............................................................................................. 19
Bindweefsel ....................................................................................................................... 20
Anatomie van de huid......................................................................................................... 20
Adnexen ............................................................................................................................ 21
Epidermis .......................................................................................................................... 21
College 5: melanoom en huidaandoeningen ........................................................................... 24
Melanoom ......................................................................................................................... 24
Basaalcelcarcinoom (BCC) ................................................................................................ 24
Acne vulgaris (jeugdpuistjes) .............................................................................................. 25
Huidveroudering ................................................................................................................ 26
Decubitus (doorligwonden) ................................................................................................ 26
Brandwonden .................................................................................................................... 27
College 7: Botten en gewrichten ............................................................................................. 28
Het skelet .......................................................................................................................... 28
Botceltypen ....................................................................................................................... 29
Het skelet: anatomie .......................................................................................................... 30
Pols & hand ....................................................................................................................... 30
Wervelkolom ..................................................................................................................... 30
Borstkas (thorax) ................................................................................................................ 31
Bekkengordel (pelvis) ......................................................................................................... 31
Onderste extremiteiten: ..................................................................................................... 32
Gewrichten ........................................................................................................................ 32
Bewegingen ....................................................................................................................... 33
Schoudergewricht.............................................................................................................. 33
Elleboog ............................................................................................................................ 33
Heupgewricht .................................................................................................................... 33
Kniegewricht...................................................................................................................... 34
Botfracturen ...................................................................................................................... 34
College 8: mobiliteitsaandoeningen ....................................................................................... 35
Luxaties............................................................................................................................. 35
Fracturen........................................................................................................................... 35
Bot- en kraakbeenmaligniteiten .......................................................................................... 37
Reumatoïde artritis ............................................................................................................ 38
, 4
Osteoporose...................................................................................................................... 39
Artrose .............................................................................................................................. 40
College 10: Glucose- en vetmetabolisme ............................................................................... 41
Bouwstenen van cellen ...................................................................................................... 41
Katabolisme en anabolisme ............................................................................................... 42
Spiercelmetabolisme: ........................................................................................................ 43
Cholesterol:....................................................................................................................... 43
Transport door celmembraan ............................................................................................. 43
Actief transport .................................................................................................................. 44
Diffusie en osmose ............................................................................................................ 44
College 11: Ondervoeding en uitdroging ................................................................................. 46
Nutritie en dieet ................................................................................................................. 46
Energiehuishouding ........................................................................................................... 46
Ondervoeding .................................................................................................................... 47
Dehydratie ......................................................................................................................... 47
College 13: Nieren en aandoeningen ...................................................................................... 48
Anatomie van de nieren ...................................................................................................... 48
Uitwendige anatomie van de nier ........................................................................................ 48
Nefronen ........................................................................................................................... 48
Glomerulus en kapsel van Bowman .................................................................................... 49
Urineproductie .................................................................................................................. 49
Nierhuishouding ................................................................................................................ 51
Renine angiotensinesyteem ............................................................................................... 51
Zuur-base evenwicht .......................................................................................................... 51
Acuut en chronisch nierfalen .............................................................................................. 52
College 14: Urologie en incontinentie ..................................................................................... 54
Functie van de urinewegen ................................................................................................. 54
Transport, opslag en verwijdering: ...................................................................................... 54
Incontinentie ..................................................................................................................... 55
Nierbekkenontsteking (pyelonefritis) .................................................................................. 56
Blaasretentie ..................................................................................................................... 56
College 16: Spijsverteringsstelsel ........................................................................................... 57
Overzicht van spijsverteringsstelsel .................................................................................... 57
De mondholte.................................................................................................................... 58
Oesophagus ...................................................................................................................... 58
Slikproces ......................................................................................................................... 59
