AP Euro Exam Questions and Verified Answers/Accurate Solutions| Already Graded A+
medieval system of thought in which philosophy and reason were applied to theological
questions Scholasticism
Italian philosopher who was the greatest figure in the Scholastic movement; advocated an
Aristotelian philosophy that faith and reason were gifts from God and should be used by man
St. Thomas Aquinas
Italian poet wrote Inferno and Divine Comedy (1321), which demonstrated the powerful
influence of the church on education and literature. Wrote in the vernacular Dante Alighieri
Scholasticism was replaced by Humanism (explored issues such as greed, sex, envy, nature,
and reason)
classical texts were pagan
Renaissance means rebirth of the ideas and works of classical Rome and Greece
Renaissance started in Florence Italy (1350-1550)
term Renaissance made by Jacob Burckhardt
Jacob Burckhardt claimed that the Renaissance was completely different from the Middle
Ages
Burckhardt's claim that the Renaissance was completely different from the Middle Ages was
wrong because there were learning and a development of culture during the Middle Ages
the basic political unit was the city-state
,five Italian city-states that dominated the peninsula Florence, Milan, Venice, Papal States,
Kingdom of Naples
Northern Italy became prosperous because of east-west and north-south trade routes
usury the lending of money for interest
many city-states were ruled by oligarchies
signori despots, ruthless, cautious
Florence was controlled by the Medici family
Cosimo de'Medici seized power in 1434
in Florence, wealth was created by wool, textiles, banking
the Medici family brought law, order, stability
Milan was controlled by the Sforza family
Venice was a republic led by a doge
the Medici's were a great banking family in Florence in the 15th century; "Il Magnifico" ruled
the government of Florence (1469-1492) from behind the scene; during his tenure Florence
witnessed the height of her prestige and beauty Lorenzo de Medici
, the pope lived in the Papal States
the most important city state was Naples
the city-states hired ______ to fight for them condottieri (mercenaries)
Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494
Dominican friar who attacked paganism and moral vice of Medici and Alexander VI. Burned at
the stake in Florence Friar Girolamo Savonarola
Louix XII of France invaded Italy in 1499, supported by Pope Alexander
Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son, Cesare Borgia, who was
the hero of The Prince Alexander VI (1492-1503)
Very militaristic pope, who was responsible for some of the greatest art found in the Vatican.
Tore down the old Saint Peter's Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. He
commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel. Pope Julius II (1503-1513)
Pope Leo X was responsible for the political rise of the papacy in Europe. Born Giovanni
de'Medici, his father was Lorenzo the Magnificent. He was made cardinal at 13 and because of
the support of Pope Julius II rose through the papal ranks. He was pope during the early
Reformation and excommunicated Martin Luther. What surprising is that he was never
ordained a priest. Leo X (1513-1521)
Wrote The Prince (1513), the first modern manual of politics. It was a very secular text based on
reality and practical politics. Believed the end justifies the means. His model was Cesare Borgia.
Niccolò Machiavelli
medieval system of thought in which philosophy and reason were applied to theological
questions Scholasticism
Italian philosopher who was the greatest figure in the Scholastic movement; advocated an
Aristotelian philosophy that faith and reason were gifts from God and should be used by man
St. Thomas Aquinas
Italian poet wrote Inferno and Divine Comedy (1321), which demonstrated the powerful
influence of the church on education and literature. Wrote in the vernacular Dante Alighieri
Scholasticism was replaced by Humanism (explored issues such as greed, sex, envy, nature,
and reason)
classical texts were pagan
Renaissance means rebirth of the ideas and works of classical Rome and Greece
Renaissance started in Florence Italy (1350-1550)
term Renaissance made by Jacob Burckhardt
Jacob Burckhardt claimed that the Renaissance was completely different from the Middle
Ages
Burckhardt's claim that the Renaissance was completely different from the Middle Ages was
wrong because there were learning and a development of culture during the Middle Ages
the basic political unit was the city-state
,five Italian city-states that dominated the peninsula Florence, Milan, Venice, Papal States,
Kingdom of Naples
Northern Italy became prosperous because of east-west and north-south trade routes
usury the lending of money for interest
many city-states were ruled by oligarchies
signori despots, ruthless, cautious
Florence was controlled by the Medici family
Cosimo de'Medici seized power in 1434
in Florence, wealth was created by wool, textiles, banking
the Medici family brought law, order, stability
Milan was controlled by the Sforza family
Venice was a republic led by a doge
the Medici's were a great banking family in Florence in the 15th century; "Il Magnifico" ruled
the government of Florence (1469-1492) from behind the scene; during his tenure Florence
witnessed the height of her prestige and beauty Lorenzo de Medici
, the pope lived in the Papal States
the most important city state was Naples
the city-states hired ______ to fight for them condottieri (mercenaries)
Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494
Dominican friar who attacked paganism and moral vice of Medici and Alexander VI. Burned at
the stake in Florence Friar Girolamo Savonarola
Louix XII of France invaded Italy in 1499, supported by Pope Alexander
Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son, Cesare Borgia, who was
the hero of The Prince Alexander VI (1492-1503)
Very militaristic pope, who was responsible for some of the greatest art found in the Vatican.
Tore down the old Saint Peter's Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. He
commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel. Pope Julius II (1503-1513)
Pope Leo X was responsible for the political rise of the papacy in Europe. Born Giovanni
de'Medici, his father was Lorenzo the Magnificent. He was made cardinal at 13 and because of
the support of Pope Julius II rose through the papal ranks. He was pope during the early
Reformation and excommunicated Martin Luther. What surprising is that he was never
ordained a priest. Leo X (1513-1521)
Wrote The Prince (1513), the first modern manual of politics. It was a very secular text based on
reality and practical politics. Believed the end justifies the means. His model was Cesare Borgia.
Niccolò Machiavelli
