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,A 32-year old female is seen at your Isotretinoin, birth control pills, and diuretics,
office complaining of a recent onset among many other drugs, can cause myopia in
of blurred vision, only at a distance. some patients. Myopia mostly likely results from
A thorough case history reveals that corneal swelling, which steepens the curvature of
she recently began taking a new the cornea. Drugs that cause swelling of the lens,
medication which you correctly accommodative spasm, or edema of the ciliary
assume has induced myopia. Which body will also result in myopia. A reduction in the
of the following medications is dose of the medication or cessation of the
MOST likely to be the culprit? offending drug will usually result in reversal of
nearsightedness. Fish oil, Tylenol, and Tums have
not been shown to have a correlation with
transient myopia development.
,An increased rate of molecular Facilitated diffusion is described as the net
movement down its respective movement of molecules down its concentration
concentration gradient via help gradient whose rate of diffusion is increased via
from carrier proteins refers to which the use of carrier proteins. Passive diffusion refers
type of transportation? to the movement of molecules through a plasma
membrane from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration without the use of
carrier molecules. Active transport implies the
movement of material against its respective
concentration gradient. This type of transport
requires energy and enlists the use of specific
carrier proteins. Lastly, group translocation is
defined as the chemical modification of a
molecule while it is being transported into a cell;
for example, sugars are often phosphorylated
during transportation.
, A 24-year old female patient Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers
presents at your office complaining such as Patanol (olopatadine) are commonly
of side effects that began when she prescribed to relieve the symptoms associated
started using Patanol to treat her with ocular allergies. They are a very effective
ocular allergies. She reports class of medication due to their dual action
complete compliance with her eye mechanisms. Topical antihistamines that possess
drop administration. Which of the this dual action are olopatadine (Patanol),
following symptoms is MOST likely ketotifen fumarate (Zaditor), azelastine (Optivar),
associated with olopatadine and epinastine (Elestat). The aforementioned
(Patanol) use? drops serve to alleviate itching and redness by
blocking H1 receptors as well as inhibiting mast
cell and basophil degranulation. Side effects of
topical antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers include
stinging upon instillation, headaches, and adverse
taste (don't forget to inform your patients about
punctual occlusion!). Tachycardia, depression,
gastrointestinal discomfort, and visual
hallucinations have not been reported with
Patanol use.