SOPHIA UNIT 1 Philosophy_Milestone 1 Exam Spring 2020 | SOPHIA UNIT 1_MILESTONE 1_Exam_Graded A

Sophia :: Welcome UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 Score 20/25 You passed this Milestone 20 questions were answered correctly. 5 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 Karen believes that she has a responsibility to protect the environment. Choose the statement that is consistent with Karen's belief. “I have eliminated all plastic from my day-to-day life.” “I go to the farmer’s market if I have time to do so on the weekends.” “I serve meat to my family only on holidays and special occasions.” "I only drive my car to work when it is raining or too cold outside.” RATIONALE To live philosophically, a person must examine his or her beliefs to ground them in knowledge, and then act according to those beliefs. By eliminating plastic from her life, Karen displays a consistent philosophical worldview. Driving to work when it's inconvenient to walk, serving meat on special occasions, and shopping locally for groceries only sporadically are examples of inconsistency in her worldview. CONCEPT Philosophical Analysis as a Way of Life 25/17/2020 Sophia :: Welcome In the passage below, Socrates imagines a dialogue between himself and Athens, personified as the laws: “Then the laws will say: ‘Consider, Socrates, if we are speaking truly that in your present attempt you are going to do us an injury. For, having brought you into the world, and nurtured and educated you, and given you and every other citizen a share in every good which we had to give, we further proclaim to any Athenian by the liberty which we allow him, that if he does not like us when he has become of age and has seen the ways of the city, and made our acquaintance, he may go where he pleases and take his goods with him. None of us laws will forbid him or interfere with him. Anyone who does not like us and the city, and who wants to emigrate to a colony or to any other city, may go where he likes, retaining his property. But he who has experience of the manner in which we order justice and administer the state, and still remains, has entered into an implied contract that he will do as we command him.’” Reconstruct the argument from this text and choose the sentence that accurately states the main premise of Socrates’ argument. Our senses do not provide us with truth, so the soul must attain truth without the distraction and deception caused by bodily experiences. By neither leaving Athens nor attempting to change its laws, Socrates consented to the terms of a Social Contract with Athens. An unjust act is obvious, just as a just act is obvious, but unless we know the true essence of justice, we cannot judge others. Socrates believes that taking advantage of opportunities to save his life would be giving in to his enemies, and approving his own destruction. RATIONALE In this selection from the Crito, "the laws" remind Socrates that Athens has provided him many benefits, including sustenance, education, and liberty, including the freedom to leave Athens with all of his worldly property if chose to do so. However, anyone (including Socrates) who "still remains . . . has entered into an implied contract . . .” to obey the laws and judgements of the state. The main premise of Socrates' argument, therefore, is that since he neither left Athens nor attempted to change its laws, he has consented to the terms of a Social Contract with the state. CONCEPT The Apology — Socrates' Arguments 3 In the Phaedo, Socrates makes all of the following claims, EXCEPT:5/17/2020 Sophia :: Welcome Sensory distractions hinder the soul's pursuit of truth and knowledge. Valuing what is right more than life is illogical and meaningless. Without a body to impede his or her progress, the philosopher may see things as they truly are. The philosopher is concerned with the soul and not with the body. RATIONALE The Phaedo is a conversation between Socrates and his students about death. It takes place just before his execution. During this conversation, Socrates demonstrates why philosophers should not fear death, which he defines as the end of the life of the body, but not of the soul. He believes that there is no value in preserving the life of the body if preservation comes at the expense of the soul's pursuit of wisdom (i.e., what is right). CONCEPT The Phaedo: The Death of Socrates 4 Recall the similarities and differences between Plato and Aristotle's philosophical approaches. Select the statement that would most likely have been made by Plato, rather than by Aristotle. “My ideas have served as a starting point for both philosophy and the physical sciences.” “My approach is scientific and empirical; we learn about truth from observation and discovery.” “I teach by example and I live by what I teach, no matter the consequences.” “In order to find truth, we must first identify what makes a thing what it is, its essence. RATIONALE Plato proposed the existence of essences in his doctrine of the Forms. As a result, it is more likely that he would have made this statement. As a rationalist philosopher, Plato believed that knowledge does not rely on human senses alone, and can be accessed through the existence of essences. The statements which involve science and empiricism are reflective of Aristotle's views. The statement about teaching and living by example is reflective of Socrates' philosophy - - - - - - -- Continued