SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
. .
Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. Grove
FULL TEST BANK!!!
. .
, AnswerGuidelinesforQuestionstoBeGraded
. . . . . .
1
. .
Measurement:Nominal, . .
. . .
The. questions. are. in. bold.followed. by. answers.
1. In.Table.1,.identify.the.level.of.measurement.for.the.current.therapy.variable..Provide.a.rationale.f
or.your.answer.
Answer:.The.current.therapy.variable.was.measured.at.the.nominal.level..These.drug.categories.wer
e.probably.developed.to.be.exhaustive.for.this.study.and.included.the.categories.of.drugs.the.subjects.
were.receiving..However,.the.categories.are.not.exclusive,.since.patients.are.usually.on.more.than.on
e.category.of.these.drugs.to.manage.their.health.problems..The.current.therapies.are.not.measured.at.t
he.ordinal.level.because.they.cannot.be.rank.ordered,.since.no.drug.category.can.be.considered.more.o
r.less.beneficial.than.another.drug.category.(see.Figure.1-1;.Grove.&.Gray,.2019).
2. What. is. the. mode. for. the. current. therapy. variable. in. this. study?. Provide. a. rationale. for.your.
answer.
Answer:. The.mode. for.current. therapy. was.β.blocker..A. total. of. 100. (94%). of. the.cardiac. patients
were. receiving. this. category. of. drug,. which. was. the. most. common. prescribed. drug. for. this.sampl
e.
3. What.statistics.were.conducted.to.describe.the.BMI.of.the.cardiac.patients.in.this.sample?.Discuss.
whether. these. analysis. techniques. were. appropriate. or. inappropriate.
Answer:.BMI.was.described.with.a.mean.and.standard.deviation.(SD)..BMI.measurement.resulted. in.rati
o-level. data. with. continuous. values. and. an. absolute. zero. (Stone. &. Frazier,. 2017).. Ratio-
.level.data.should.be.analyzed.with.parametric.statistics.such.as.the.mean.and.SD.(Grove.&.Gray,.2017;.K
napp,.2017).
4. Researchers.used.the.following.item.to.measure.registered.nurses’.(RNs).income.in.a.study:. What.
category.identifies.your.current.income.as.an.RN?
a. Less. than. $50,000
b. $50,000. to. 59,999
c. $60,000. to. 69,999
d. $70,000. to. 80,000
e. $80,000. or. greater
What. level. of. measurement. is. this. income. variable?. Does. the. income. variable. follow. the.rules.
outlined.in. Figure. 1-1?. Provide. a.rationale. for. your. answer.
Answer:.In.this.example,.the.income.variable.is.measured.at.the.ordinal.level..The.income.catego-
.ries. are. exhaustive,. ranging. from. less. than. $50,000. to. greater. than. $80,000.. The. two. open-ended
, 1-1
AG.1-2 Answer.Guidelines.for.Questions.to.Be.Graded
categories.ensure.that.all.salary.levels.are.covered..The.categories.are.not.exclusive,.since.catego-
.ries.(d).and.(e).include. an. $80,000 .salary,. so.study. participants . making. $80,000.might. mark. either.(d
).or.(e).or.both.categories,.resulting.in.erroneous.data..Category.(e).could.be.changed. to.greater.than.
$80,000,.making.the.categories.exclusive..The.categories.can.be.rank.ordered.from.the.lowest.salary
.to.the. highest . salary,. which.is.consistent. with. ordinal. data.(Grove.&. Gray,. 2019;. Waltz.et. al.,. 2017).
5. What. level. of. measurement. is. the. CDS. score?. Provide. a. rationale. for. your. answer.
Answer:.The.CDS.score.is.at.the.interval.level.of.measurement..The.CDS.is.a.26-
item.Likert.scale.developed.to.measure.depression.in.cardiac.patients..Study.participants.rated.their.
symp-
.toms. on. a.scale. of. 1.to. 7,. with. higher. numbers.indicating.increased. severity.in.the. depression. sympto
ms..The.total.scores.for.each.subject.obtained.from.this.multi-
item.scale.are.considered.to.be.at.the.interval.level.of.measurement.(Gray.et.al.,.2017;.Waltz.et.al.,.20
17).
6. Were.nonparametric. or.parametric.analysis.techniques.used.to.analyze.the.CDS.scores.for. the. ca
rdiac. patients. in.this. study?. Provide. a. rationale. for. your. answer.
Answer:. Parametric. statistics,. such. as. mean. and. SD,. were. conducted. to. describe. CDS. scores.for.stu
dy.participants.(see.Table.1)..CDS.scores.are.interval-
level.data.as.indicated.in.Questions.5,.so.parametric.statistics.are.appropriate.for.this.level.of.data.(Gray.et.
al.,.2017;.Kim.&.Mallory,.2017).
7. Is. the. prevalence. of. depression. linked. to. the. NYHA. class?. Discuss. the. clinical. importance.of.th
is.result.
Answer:. The. study. narrative. indicated. that. the. prevalence. of. depression. increased. with. the.greater.
NYHA.class..In.NYHA.class.III,.64%.of.the.subjects.were.depressed,.whereas.11%.of.the.subjects.were.d
epressed.in.NYHA.class.I..Thus,.as.the.NYHA.class.increased,.the.number.of.sub-
.jects.with.depression.increased..This.is.an.expected.finding.because.as.the.NYHA.class.increases,.cardia
c.patients.have.more.severe.physical.symptoms,.which.usually.result.in.emotional.distress,.such.as.depres
sion..Nurses.need.to.actively.assess.cardiac.patients.for.depression,.especially.those. in. higher. NYHA. cl
asses,. so. they. might. be. diagnosed. and. treated. as. needed.
8. What. frequency. and. percent. of. cardiac. patients. in. this. study. were. not. being. treated. with.an.a
ntidepressant?.Show.your.calculations.and.round.your.answer.to.the.nearest.whole.percent.(%).
Answer:.A.total. of. 106. cardiac. patients. participated. in. this. study.. The. sample. included.15.p
atients.who.were.receiving.an.antidepressant.(see.Table.1)..The. number. of. cardiac. patients. not. tre
ated. for. depression. was. 91. (106. –
. 15. =.91).. The. group. percent. is. calculated. by. the. following. formula:. (group. frequency. ÷.total. s
ample. size). ×.100%.. For. this. study,.(91.patients.÷.106.sample.size).×.100%.=.0.858.×.100%.=.
85.8%.=.86%..The. final.answer. is. rounded. to.the. nearest. whole. percent. as. directed. in.the. questi
on.. You. could. have.also.subtracted.the.14%.of.patients.treated.with.antidepressants.from.100%.and.
obtained.the.86%.who.were.not.treated.with.an.antidepressant.
9. What.was.the.purpose.of.the.6-
minute.walk.test.(6MWT)?.Would.the.6MWT.be.useful.in.clinical.practice?
Answer:.Ha.et.al..(2018).stated,.“The.6-
min.walk.test.(6MWT).is.a.measure.of.the.submaximal,.steady-
state.functional.capacity”.of.cardiac.patients..This.test.would.be.a.quick,.easy.way.to.determine.a.car
diac.patient’s.functional.status.in.a.clinical. setting.. This. functional. status.score. could. be. used. to.
determine. the. treatment. plan. to. promote. or. maintain. functional. status.of.cardiac.patients.
, Answer.Guidelines.for.Questions.to.Be.Graded AG.1-3
10. How.was.exercise.confidence.measured.in.this.study?.What.was.the.level.of.measurement.for.t
he.exercise.confidence.variable.in.this.study?.Provide.a.rationale.for.your.answer..Answer:.E
xercise.confidence.of.the.patients.with.heart.failure.(HF).in.this.study.was.measured.with.the.Exerci
se.Confidence.Scale.that.included.four.subscales.focused.on.walking,.climbing,.lifting.objects.of.gr
aded.weight,.and.running.(see.the.study.narrative)..This.was.a.rating.scale.with.values.ranging.from.
0.to.100..The.patients’.scores.for.the.Total.Exercise.Confidence.scale.and.the.subscales.were.consid
ered.interval-
level.data.and.analyzed.with.parametric.statistics,.such.as.means.and.SDs.(see.the.study.narrative;.
Waltz.et.al.,.2017).
. .
Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. Grove
FULL TEST BANK!!!
. .
, AnswerGuidelinesforQuestionstoBeGraded
. . . . . .
1
. .
Measurement:Nominal, . .
. . .
The. questions. are. in. bold.followed. by. answers.
1. In.Table.1,.identify.the.level.of.measurement.for.the.current.therapy.variable..Provide.a.rationale.f
or.your.answer.
Answer:.The.current.therapy.variable.was.measured.at.the.nominal.level..These.drug.categories.wer
e.probably.developed.to.be.exhaustive.for.this.study.and.included.the.categories.of.drugs.the.subjects.
were.receiving..However,.the.categories.are.not.exclusive,.since.patients.are.usually.on.more.than.on
e.category.of.these.drugs.to.manage.their.health.problems..The.current.therapies.are.not.measured.at.t
he.ordinal.level.because.they.cannot.be.rank.ordered,.since.no.drug.category.can.be.considered.more.o
r.less.beneficial.than.another.drug.category.(see.Figure.1-1;.Grove.&.Gray,.2019).
2. What. is. the. mode. for. the. current. therapy. variable. in. this. study?. Provide. a. rationale. for.your.
answer.
Answer:. The.mode. for.current. therapy. was.β.blocker..A. total. of. 100. (94%). of. the.cardiac. patients
were. receiving. this. category. of. drug,. which. was. the. most. common. prescribed. drug. for. this.sampl
e.
3. What.statistics.were.conducted.to.describe.the.BMI.of.the.cardiac.patients.in.this.sample?.Discuss.
whether. these. analysis. techniques. were. appropriate. or. inappropriate.
Answer:.BMI.was.described.with.a.mean.and.standard.deviation.(SD)..BMI.measurement.resulted. in.rati
o-level. data. with. continuous. values. and. an. absolute. zero. (Stone. &. Frazier,. 2017).. Ratio-
.level.data.should.be.analyzed.with.parametric.statistics.such.as.the.mean.and.SD.(Grove.&.Gray,.2017;.K
napp,.2017).
4. Researchers.used.the.following.item.to.measure.registered.nurses’.(RNs).income.in.a.study:. What.
category.identifies.your.current.income.as.an.RN?
a. Less. than. $50,000
b. $50,000. to. 59,999
c. $60,000. to. 69,999
d. $70,000. to. 80,000
e. $80,000. or. greater
What. level. of. measurement. is. this. income. variable?. Does. the. income. variable. follow. the.rules.
outlined.in. Figure. 1-1?. Provide. a.rationale. for. your. answer.
Answer:.In.this.example,.the.income.variable.is.measured.at.the.ordinal.level..The.income.catego-
.ries. are. exhaustive,. ranging. from. less. than. $50,000. to. greater. than. $80,000.. The. two. open-ended
, 1-1
AG.1-2 Answer.Guidelines.for.Questions.to.Be.Graded
categories.ensure.that.all.salary.levels.are.covered..The.categories.are.not.exclusive,.since.catego-
.ries.(d).and.(e).include. an. $80,000 .salary,. so.study. participants . making. $80,000.might. mark. either.(d
).or.(e).or.both.categories,.resulting.in.erroneous.data..Category.(e).could.be.changed. to.greater.than.
$80,000,.making.the.categories.exclusive..The.categories.can.be.rank.ordered.from.the.lowest.salary
.to.the. highest . salary,. which.is.consistent. with. ordinal. data.(Grove.&. Gray,. 2019;. Waltz.et. al.,. 2017).
5. What. level. of. measurement. is. the. CDS. score?. Provide. a. rationale. for. your. answer.
Answer:.The.CDS.score.is.at.the.interval.level.of.measurement..The.CDS.is.a.26-
item.Likert.scale.developed.to.measure.depression.in.cardiac.patients..Study.participants.rated.their.
symp-
.toms. on. a.scale. of. 1.to. 7,. with. higher. numbers.indicating.increased. severity.in.the. depression. sympto
ms..The.total.scores.for.each.subject.obtained.from.this.multi-
item.scale.are.considered.to.be.at.the.interval.level.of.measurement.(Gray.et.al.,.2017;.Waltz.et.al.,.20
17).
6. Were.nonparametric. or.parametric.analysis.techniques.used.to.analyze.the.CDS.scores.for. the. ca
rdiac. patients. in.this. study?. Provide. a. rationale. for. your. answer.
Answer:. Parametric. statistics,. such. as. mean. and. SD,. were. conducted. to. describe. CDS. scores.for.stu
dy.participants.(see.Table.1)..CDS.scores.are.interval-
level.data.as.indicated.in.Questions.5,.so.parametric.statistics.are.appropriate.for.this.level.of.data.(Gray.et.
al.,.2017;.Kim.&.Mallory,.2017).
7. Is. the. prevalence. of. depression. linked. to. the. NYHA. class?. Discuss. the. clinical. importance.of.th
is.result.
Answer:. The. study. narrative. indicated. that. the. prevalence. of. depression. increased. with. the.greater.
NYHA.class..In.NYHA.class.III,.64%.of.the.subjects.were.depressed,.whereas.11%.of.the.subjects.were.d
epressed.in.NYHA.class.I..Thus,.as.the.NYHA.class.increased,.the.number.of.sub-
.jects.with.depression.increased..This.is.an.expected.finding.because.as.the.NYHA.class.increases,.cardia
c.patients.have.more.severe.physical.symptoms,.which.usually.result.in.emotional.distress,.such.as.depres
sion..Nurses.need.to.actively.assess.cardiac.patients.for.depression,.especially.those. in. higher. NYHA. cl
asses,. so. they. might. be. diagnosed. and. treated. as. needed.
8. What. frequency. and. percent. of. cardiac. patients. in. this. study. were. not. being. treated. with.an.a
ntidepressant?.Show.your.calculations.and.round.your.answer.to.the.nearest.whole.percent.(%).
Answer:.A.total. of. 106. cardiac. patients. participated. in. this. study.. The. sample. included.15.p
atients.who.were.receiving.an.antidepressant.(see.Table.1)..The. number. of. cardiac. patients. not. tre
ated. for. depression. was. 91. (106. –
. 15. =.91).. The. group. percent. is. calculated. by. the. following. formula:. (group. frequency. ÷.total. s
ample. size). ×.100%.. For. this. study,.(91.patients.÷.106.sample.size).×.100%.=.0.858.×.100%.=.
85.8%.=.86%..The. final.answer. is. rounded. to.the. nearest. whole. percent. as. directed. in.the. questi
on.. You. could. have.also.subtracted.the.14%.of.patients.treated.with.antidepressants.from.100%.and.
obtained.the.86%.who.were.not.treated.with.an.antidepressant.
9. What.was.the.purpose.of.the.6-
minute.walk.test.(6MWT)?.Would.the.6MWT.be.useful.in.clinical.practice?
Answer:.Ha.et.al..(2018).stated,.“The.6-
min.walk.test.(6MWT).is.a.measure.of.the.submaximal,.steady-
state.functional.capacity”.of.cardiac.patients..This.test.would.be.a.quick,.easy.way.to.determine.a.car
diac.patient’s.functional.status.in.a.clinical. setting.. This. functional. status.score. could. be. used. to.
determine. the. treatment. plan. to. promote. or. maintain. functional. status.of.cardiac.patients.
, Answer.Guidelines.for.Questions.to.Be.Graded AG.1-3
10. How.was.exercise.confidence.measured.in.this.study?.What.was.the.level.of.measurement.for.t
he.exercise.confidence.variable.in.this.study?.Provide.a.rationale.for.your.answer..Answer:.E
xercise.confidence.of.the.patients.with.heart.failure.(HF).in.this.study.was.measured.with.the.Exerci
se.Confidence.Scale.that.included.four.subscales.focused.on.walking,.climbing,.lifting.objects.of.gr
aded.weight,.and.running.(see.the.study.narrative)..This.was.a.rating.scale.with.values.ranging.from.
0.to.100..The.patients’.scores.for.the.Total.Exercise.Confidence.scale.and.the.subscales.were.consid
ered.interval-
level.data.and.analyzed.with.parametric.statistics,.such.as.means.and.SDs.(see.the.study.narrative;.
Waltz.et.al.,.2017).
