PSYC 2070 Final Exam Knapp Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
moral |development |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |changes |in |people's |sense |of |justice |and |of |
what |is |right |and |wrong
prosocial |behavior |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-socially |desirable |behavior |that |benefits |others
abstract |modeling |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |process |in |which |modeling |paves |the |way |for |
the |development |of |more |general |rules |and |principles
empathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |understanding |of |other |people's |feelings |& |being |able |
to |share |those |emotions |with |them
Who |suggested |that |people |pass |through |a |series |of |stages |in |the |development |of |moral |
reasoning |& |their |sense |of |justice? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kohlberg
pre-conventional |morality |(Kohlberg) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-concrete |interests |of |the |
individual |are |considered |in |terms |of |rewards |or |punishments
conventional |morality |(Kohlberg) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-people |approach |problems |in |terms |
of |their |own |position |(obey |laws |and |rules)
post-conventional |morality |(Kohlberg) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-people |use |moral |principles |
that |are |seen |as |broader |than |those |of |a |particular |society |(relatively |rare)
,How |well |is |moral |reasoning |correlated |with |moral |behavior? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--may |
differ |in |diverse |cultures
-Kohlberg's |theory |was |based |largely |on |data |from |males
Who |suggested |that |the |way |boys |and |girls |are |raised |leads |to |differences |in |moral |reasoning?
|- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Gilligan
How |do |boys |view |morality? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-in |terms |of |justice |and |fairness
How |do |girls |view |morality? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-responsibility |toward |individuals |& |
willingness |to |sacrifice |themselves |to |help |people |in |their |particular |relationships
orientation |toward |individual |survival |(Gilligan) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |1- |initial |
concentration |is |on |what |is |practical |and |best |for |self; |gradual |transition |from |selfishness |to |
responsibility |to |others
goodness |as |self-sacrifice |(Gilligan) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |2- |begin |to |think |that |they |
must |sacrifice |their |own |wishes |for |what |others |want
morality |of |nonviolence |(Gilligan) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |3- |the |understanding |that |
hurting |anyone |is |immoral--even |oneself |(most |sophisticated)
Why |is |there |a |disconnect |between |moral |reasoning |& |moral |behavior? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔--researchers |assume |moral |reasoning |lies |at |the |heart |of |moral |behavior
-in |the |real |world, |there |are |circumstances |that |override |our |moral |compass
-moral |judgments |are |made |in |a |variety |of |contexts |& |there |is |typically |an |overgeneralization |
of |domains |& |situations
, social |domain |approach |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |concept |that |moral |reasoning |needs |to |
be |considered |in |the |context |in |which |judgments |are |being |made |at |a |given |time
moral |domains |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-contexts |that |focus |on |concerns |about |justice
social-conventional |domains |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-contexts |involving |the |need |for |social |
groups |to |function |well
personal |domains |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-contexts |involving |matters |of |personal |choice
self-serving |behaviors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-done |to |gain |something
altruistic |behaviors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-done |to |help |others |and |requiring |clear |self-
sacrifice
People |who |show |more |sophisticated |levels |of |_______________ |are |generally |more |
sympathetic. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-prosocial |reasoning
Females |tend |to |demonstrate |_______ |levels |of |prosocial |reasoning |than |males. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-higher
communal |orientation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-centering |on |an |interest |in |relationships |and |
community; |leads |to |greater |prosocial |behavior |(females)
agentic |orientation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-focuses |on |individuality |and |getting |things |done |
(males)
rights-based |reasoning |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-certain |rights |are |assumed |and |don't |have |to |
be |earned, |but |are |the |birthright |of |every |citizen
Correct Answers
moral |development |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |changes |in |people's |sense |of |justice |and |of |
what |is |right |and |wrong
prosocial |behavior |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-socially |desirable |behavior |that |benefits |others
abstract |modeling |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |process |in |which |modeling |paves |the |way |for |
the |development |of |more |general |rules |and |principles
empathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |understanding |of |other |people's |feelings |& |being |able |
to |share |those |emotions |with |them
Who |suggested |that |people |pass |through |a |series |of |stages |in |the |development |of |moral |
reasoning |& |their |sense |of |justice? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kohlberg
pre-conventional |morality |(Kohlberg) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-concrete |interests |of |the |
individual |are |considered |in |terms |of |rewards |or |punishments
conventional |morality |(Kohlberg) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-people |approach |problems |in |terms |
of |their |own |position |(obey |laws |and |rules)
post-conventional |morality |(Kohlberg) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-people |use |moral |principles |
that |are |seen |as |broader |than |those |of |a |particular |society |(relatively |rare)
,How |well |is |moral |reasoning |correlated |with |moral |behavior? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--may |
differ |in |diverse |cultures
-Kohlberg's |theory |was |based |largely |on |data |from |males
Who |suggested |that |the |way |boys |and |girls |are |raised |leads |to |differences |in |moral |reasoning?
|- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Gilligan
How |do |boys |view |morality? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-in |terms |of |justice |and |fairness
How |do |girls |view |morality? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-responsibility |toward |individuals |& |
willingness |to |sacrifice |themselves |to |help |people |in |their |particular |relationships
orientation |toward |individual |survival |(Gilligan) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |1- |initial |
concentration |is |on |what |is |practical |and |best |for |self; |gradual |transition |from |selfishness |to |
responsibility |to |others
goodness |as |self-sacrifice |(Gilligan) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |2- |begin |to |think |that |they |
must |sacrifice |their |own |wishes |for |what |others |want
morality |of |nonviolence |(Gilligan) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |3- |the |understanding |that |
hurting |anyone |is |immoral--even |oneself |(most |sophisticated)
Why |is |there |a |disconnect |between |moral |reasoning |& |moral |behavior? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔--researchers |assume |moral |reasoning |lies |at |the |heart |of |moral |behavior
-in |the |real |world, |there |are |circumstances |that |override |our |moral |compass
-moral |judgments |are |made |in |a |variety |of |contexts |& |there |is |typically |an |overgeneralization |
of |domains |& |situations
, social |domain |approach |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |concept |that |moral |reasoning |needs |to |
be |considered |in |the |context |in |which |judgments |are |being |made |at |a |given |time
moral |domains |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-contexts |that |focus |on |concerns |about |justice
social-conventional |domains |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-contexts |involving |the |need |for |social |
groups |to |function |well
personal |domains |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-contexts |involving |matters |of |personal |choice
self-serving |behaviors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-done |to |gain |something
altruistic |behaviors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-done |to |help |others |and |requiring |clear |self-
sacrifice
People |who |show |more |sophisticated |levels |of |_______________ |are |generally |more |
sympathetic. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-prosocial |reasoning
Females |tend |to |demonstrate |_______ |levels |of |prosocial |reasoning |than |males. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-higher
communal |orientation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-centering |on |an |interest |in |relationships |and |
community; |leads |to |greater |prosocial |behavior |(females)
agentic |orientation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-focuses |on |individuality |and |getting |things |done |
(males)
rights-based |reasoning |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-certain |rights |are |assumed |and |don't |have |to |
be |earned, |but |are |the |birthright |of |every |citizen
