NUSC 1165 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
leading causes of death attributed to nutrition - ANSWER-heart disease, cancer, stroke
energy yielding nutrients - ANSWER-broken down to generate energy
- carbs, lipids, proteins
macronutrients - ANSWER-needed in large amounts
- carbs, lipid, proteins, water
micronutrients - ANSWER-needed in small amounts
- vitamins, minerals
inorganic - ANSWER-does not contain carbon
organic - ANSWER-contains carbon
amount of energy provided by carbs - ANSWER-4 kcals
amount of energy provided by lipids - ANSWER-9 kcal
amount of energy provided by protein - ANSWER-4 kcal
amount of energy provided by alcohol - ANSWER-7 kcal
examples of nutrient-dense foods - ANSWER-low fat milk, fruit/nut trail mix, fresh fruit, baked
chips, oatmeal raisin cookies
epidemiological study - ANSWER-observing relationships between diet, health, and disease
patterns in dif populations
balance study - ANSWER-compares the total amount of a nutrient that enters the body with the
total amount that leaves the body
depletion-repletion study - ANSWER-A study that feeds subjects a diet devoid of a nutrient until
signs of deficiency appear, and then adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which
symptoms disappear and health is restored
double blind study - ANSWER-An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher
knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
single blind study - ANSWER-study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the
experimental or the control group
,variety - ANSWER-selecting nutrient dense foods from each food group and within each
balance - ANSWER-one food lacking in a nutrient, balance with another food that doesnt
moderation - ANSWER-all types of food are ok
- not consuming too much energy, fat, sugar, alc
- achieves healthy weight and lowers risk of chronic disease
Steps of the Scientific Method - ANSWER-observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
theory vs hypothesis - ANSWER-theory: explanation based on scientific study and reasoning
hypothesis: proposed explanation
sources of reliable nutrition info - ANSWER-Government recommendations, universities, health
professionals, nonprofit organizations based on science to provide information to improve
health
recommended dietary allowances - ANSWER-intakes that meet needs of 97-98% of healthy
individs in each group
- determined using EAR value and taking into acct individ variability
- intakes lower than this can indicate deficiency
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - ANSWER-amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of
50% of healthy people in a life stage/gender group
Adequate Intake (AI) - ANSWER-a recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on
observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy
people
Upper Levels (UL) - ANSWER-max daily intakes unlikely to pose a risk to almost all individs in
specific group
AMDR - ANSWER-intakes ranges for energy yielding nutrients
- expressed as % of total energy intake
EER - ANSWER-average energy intakes predicted to maintain body weight by calculating amount
of kcals
- takes into acct gender, weight, height, level of physical activity
dietary guidlines - ANSWER-nutrition/ lifestyle recommendations published by US department
of health and human services
, - only recommendation w major emphasis on food safety
exchange lists - ANSWER-Based on food groups to determine overall energy and macronutrient
intake
Healthy People Initiative - ANSWER-National health promotion and disease prevention
objectives for the U.S.
what organization regulates food labels of meat and poultry - ANSWER-USDA
what organization regulates all food labels except meat and poultry - ANSWER-FDA
Current Good Manufacturing Practices - ANSWER-FDA to ensure product contains right
ingredients/ dose
- requires manufacturer to test product to ensure identity, strength, purity, composition
dietary supplement verification program (DSVP) - ANSWER-evaluates and confirms contents,
manufacturing process and standards of purity
- developed by USP
nutrient content claims - ANSWER-claims on the label that describe the level or amount of a
nutrient in a food product
examples of nutrient content claims - ANSWER-low, high, free, reduced, lean, high potency,
antioxidant
health claims - ANSWER-a relationship between a nutrient, food, food component, or dietary
supplement and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition
structure/function claims - ANSWER-statements that characterize the relationship between a
nutrient or other substance in a food and its role in the body
example of structure/ function claim - ANSWER-calcium builds strong bones
24 hour recall - ANSWER-listing the types, amounts, and preparation of all foods eaten in the
past 24 hours
anthropometric measurements - ANSWER-Measures of height, weight, skinfold thickness, waist
circumference, body fat%
lab measurements of nutritional assessment - ANSWER-blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides,
iron, urine samples (protein, glucose, Na)
organization of life - ANSWER-atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
leading causes of death attributed to nutrition - ANSWER-heart disease, cancer, stroke
energy yielding nutrients - ANSWER-broken down to generate energy
- carbs, lipids, proteins
macronutrients - ANSWER-needed in large amounts
- carbs, lipid, proteins, water
micronutrients - ANSWER-needed in small amounts
- vitamins, minerals
inorganic - ANSWER-does not contain carbon
organic - ANSWER-contains carbon
amount of energy provided by carbs - ANSWER-4 kcals
amount of energy provided by lipids - ANSWER-9 kcal
amount of energy provided by protein - ANSWER-4 kcal
amount of energy provided by alcohol - ANSWER-7 kcal
examples of nutrient-dense foods - ANSWER-low fat milk, fruit/nut trail mix, fresh fruit, baked
chips, oatmeal raisin cookies
epidemiological study - ANSWER-observing relationships between diet, health, and disease
patterns in dif populations
balance study - ANSWER-compares the total amount of a nutrient that enters the body with the
total amount that leaves the body
depletion-repletion study - ANSWER-A study that feeds subjects a diet devoid of a nutrient until
signs of deficiency appear, and then adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which
symptoms disappear and health is restored
double blind study - ANSWER-An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher
knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
single blind study - ANSWER-study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the
experimental or the control group
,variety - ANSWER-selecting nutrient dense foods from each food group and within each
balance - ANSWER-one food lacking in a nutrient, balance with another food that doesnt
moderation - ANSWER-all types of food are ok
- not consuming too much energy, fat, sugar, alc
- achieves healthy weight and lowers risk of chronic disease
Steps of the Scientific Method - ANSWER-observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
theory vs hypothesis - ANSWER-theory: explanation based on scientific study and reasoning
hypothesis: proposed explanation
sources of reliable nutrition info - ANSWER-Government recommendations, universities, health
professionals, nonprofit organizations based on science to provide information to improve
health
recommended dietary allowances - ANSWER-intakes that meet needs of 97-98% of healthy
individs in each group
- determined using EAR value and taking into acct individ variability
- intakes lower than this can indicate deficiency
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - ANSWER-amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of
50% of healthy people in a life stage/gender group
Adequate Intake (AI) - ANSWER-a recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on
observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy
people
Upper Levels (UL) - ANSWER-max daily intakes unlikely to pose a risk to almost all individs in
specific group
AMDR - ANSWER-intakes ranges for energy yielding nutrients
- expressed as % of total energy intake
EER - ANSWER-average energy intakes predicted to maintain body weight by calculating amount
of kcals
- takes into acct gender, weight, height, level of physical activity
dietary guidlines - ANSWER-nutrition/ lifestyle recommendations published by US department
of health and human services
, - only recommendation w major emphasis on food safety
exchange lists - ANSWER-Based on food groups to determine overall energy and macronutrient
intake
Healthy People Initiative - ANSWER-National health promotion and disease prevention
objectives for the U.S.
what organization regulates food labels of meat and poultry - ANSWER-USDA
what organization regulates all food labels except meat and poultry - ANSWER-FDA
Current Good Manufacturing Practices - ANSWER-FDA to ensure product contains right
ingredients/ dose
- requires manufacturer to test product to ensure identity, strength, purity, composition
dietary supplement verification program (DSVP) - ANSWER-evaluates and confirms contents,
manufacturing process and standards of purity
- developed by USP
nutrient content claims - ANSWER-claims on the label that describe the level or amount of a
nutrient in a food product
examples of nutrient content claims - ANSWER-low, high, free, reduced, lean, high potency,
antioxidant
health claims - ANSWER-a relationship between a nutrient, food, food component, or dietary
supplement and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition
structure/function claims - ANSWER-statements that characterize the relationship between a
nutrient or other substance in a food and its role in the body
example of structure/ function claim - ANSWER-calcium builds strong bones
24 hour recall - ANSWER-listing the types, amounts, and preparation of all foods eaten in the
past 24 hours
anthropometric measurements - ANSWER-Measures of height, weight, skinfold thickness, waist
circumference, body fat%
lab measurements of nutritional assessment - ANSWER-blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides,
iron, urine samples (protein, glucose, Na)
organization of life - ANSWER-atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
