Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization)
Introduction
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest and most advanced urban
civilizations of the ancient world. It flourished around 2500 BCE in the north-western
regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Geographical Extent
It extended over present-day Pakistan and North-West India, covering Punjab, Sindh,
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh.
Important Archaeological Sites
● Harappa – Punjab
● Mohenjo-daro – Sindh
● Dholavira – Gujarat
● Lothal – Gujarat (dockyard)
● Kalibangan – Rajasthan
● Rakhigarhi – Haryana
Town Planning
● Cities built on a grid pattern
● Streets cut at right angles
● Use of baked bricks
● Advanced drainage system
● Division into Citadel and Lower Town
Economic Life
● Main occupation: Agriculture
Introduction
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest and most advanced urban
civilizations of the ancient world. It flourished around 2500 BCE in the north-western
regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Geographical Extent
It extended over present-day Pakistan and North-West India, covering Punjab, Sindh,
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh.
Important Archaeological Sites
● Harappa – Punjab
● Mohenjo-daro – Sindh
● Dholavira – Gujarat
● Lothal – Gujarat (dockyard)
● Kalibangan – Rajasthan
● Rakhigarhi – Haryana
Town Planning
● Cities built on a grid pattern
● Streets cut at right angles
● Use of baked bricks
● Advanced drainage system
● Division into Citadel and Lower Town
Economic Life
● Main occupation: Agriculture
