Biology 1202 Final Exam Questions and Answers| New Update with 100% Correct Answers
water leaves the cell faster than it enters inside a "cell" you construct, you place a 1M sugar
solution. you place the cell in a 2M sugar solution. what happens?
osmosis the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
low, high water moves from an area where solute concentration is ______ to an area where
solute concentration is ______
molarity Osmolarity solute concentration expressed as _______. (moles/L)
osmoconformers isotonic to their surroundings, do not regulate the osmolarity
osmoregulators use energy to control uptake and loss of water
marine bony fishes hypoosmotic to sea water, lose water by osmosis
freshwater bony fishes hyperosmotic to freshwater, constantly gain water by osmosis
filtration pressure filtering of body fluids producing filtrate
reabsorption reclaiming valuable solutes from filtrate
secretion addition of toxins and other solutes from body fluids to filtrate
concentration the removal of water from urine before it exits the kidney
,excretion filtrate leaves the system
water balance and salt regulation the kidneys are the principle site of ______ and ______ in
the mammalian excretory system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra structures of the human urinary system
nephron the ______ is organized for stepwise processing of blood filtrate
bowman's capsule cuplike structure that contains a capillary glomerulus (collection of
capillaries)
tubule proximal; loop of henle; distal
collecting duct collects fluid from many nephrons, deposits it in the renal pelvis
blood pressure ______ drives filtration from the blood through glomerular walls
filtrate ______ is deposited into bowman's capsule
NaCl and urea contribute to the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid
loop of henle 2 distinct limbs with entirely different permeability characteristics
countercurrent multiplier system energy is expended in active transport to facilitate
exchange of materials and create concentration gradients
, increases as the filtrate flows downward, the concentration ______ as water leaves
the same at the bottom of the loop, the concentration of the filtrate and the outside blood
are ______
water the ascending limb is permeable to NaCl, but not to ______
NaCl as the filtrate flows upward, ______ diffuses, then is actively transported out of the
tubule
countercurrent multiplier system this creates a large ion gradient outside the tubule called
______
Na+, Cl-, and urea what solutes contribute to the hyperosmolarity of the interstitial fluid in
the mammalian kidney?
osmolarity ADH does not increase ____________, it just helps reabsorb water so you don't
loose it all in your kidneys
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) negative feedback system that works when blood osmolarity
changes, a reflection of level of hydration
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Causes more water to come out of the filtrate and reabsorbed
by circulatory system and keeps more water in your body
collecting duct _________ have receptors for ADH in kidneys
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) negative feedback system that works when
blood volume changes, but not osmolarity
water leaves the cell faster than it enters inside a "cell" you construct, you place a 1M sugar
solution. you place the cell in a 2M sugar solution. what happens?
osmosis the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
low, high water moves from an area where solute concentration is ______ to an area where
solute concentration is ______
molarity Osmolarity solute concentration expressed as _______. (moles/L)
osmoconformers isotonic to their surroundings, do not regulate the osmolarity
osmoregulators use energy to control uptake and loss of water
marine bony fishes hypoosmotic to sea water, lose water by osmosis
freshwater bony fishes hyperosmotic to freshwater, constantly gain water by osmosis
filtration pressure filtering of body fluids producing filtrate
reabsorption reclaiming valuable solutes from filtrate
secretion addition of toxins and other solutes from body fluids to filtrate
concentration the removal of water from urine before it exits the kidney
,excretion filtrate leaves the system
water balance and salt regulation the kidneys are the principle site of ______ and ______ in
the mammalian excretory system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra structures of the human urinary system
nephron the ______ is organized for stepwise processing of blood filtrate
bowman's capsule cuplike structure that contains a capillary glomerulus (collection of
capillaries)
tubule proximal; loop of henle; distal
collecting duct collects fluid from many nephrons, deposits it in the renal pelvis
blood pressure ______ drives filtration from the blood through glomerular walls
filtrate ______ is deposited into bowman's capsule
NaCl and urea contribute to the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid
loop of henle 2 distinct limbs with entirely different permeability characteristics
countercurrent multiplier system energy is expended in active transport to facilitate
exchange of materials and create concentration gradients
, increases as the filtrate flows downward, the concentration ______ as water leaves
the same at the bottom of the loop, the concentration of the filtrate and the outside blood
are ______
water the ascending limb is permeable to NaCl, but not to ______
NaCl as the filtrate flows upward, ______ diffuses, then is actively transported out of the
tubule
countercurrent multiplier system this creates a large ion gradient outside the tubule called
______
Na+, Cl-, and urea what solutes contribute to the hyperosmolarity of the interstitial fluid in
the mammalian kidney?
osmolarity ADH does not increase ____________, it just helps reabsorb water so you don't
loose it all in your kidneys
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) negative feedback system that works when blood osmolarity
changes, a reflection of level of hydration
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Causes more water to come out of the filtrate and reabsorbed
by circulatory system and keeps more water in your body
collecting duct _________ have receptors for ADH in kidneys
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) negative feedback system that works when
blood volume changes, but not osmolarity
