BIOM 3090 Midterm (Units 1-3) Exam With
Complete Solutions
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER describes how the body affects a specific drug
Bioavailability - ANSWER the amount of an administered dose of drug that reaches
systemic circulation
Bioavailability = quantity of drug reaching systemic circulation / quantity of drug
administered
pKa - ANSWER the ionization constant for acids and bases and is equal to the pH at
which 50% of the drug is ionized
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation - ANSWER pKa - pH = log (protonated/unprotonated)
Which side of the membrane do drugs accumulate? - ANSWER The side where ionization
is highest
Which fluids do basic drugs accumulate in? - ANSWER Acidic fluids
Which fluids do acidic drugs accumulate in? - ANSWER Basic fluids
,What is the simplest drug route? - ANSWER Oral
What are the advantages of oral administration? - ANSWER - simple & convenient
- safer than injections
- painless
What are the disadvantages of oral administration - ANSWER - absorption may be erratic
- patient compliance issues
- slow delivery
- first pass effect
What is the first pass effect? - ANSWER When liver enzymes inactive a portion of the
ingested drug and the dosage may be altered
What are the 6 parenteral drug routes? - ANSWER 1. Subcutaneous injection (SC)
2. Intramuscular injection (IM)
3. Intravenous injection (IV)
4. Sublingual
5. Topical
6. Transdermal
, What are the advantages of SC administration? - ANSWER - Easier than IV
- Absorption is slower than IV or IM
- Suitable for solid pellets, insoluble suspensions
What are the disadvantages of SC administration? - ANSWER - Not for large volumes
- Could be painful
- Absorption can be very slow
- Infection may occur
What are the advantages of IM route? - ANSWER - Good for moderate volumes
- Safer and easier than IV
What are the disadvantages of IM route? - ANSWER - Local pain, swelling, and infection
is possible
- Hemorrhaging may occur
What are the advantages of IV route? - ANSWER - Rapid onset (good for emergency use)
- Controlled drug delivery
- Good for large volumes
What are the disadvantages of IV route? - ANSWER - high risk of adverse effects
- have to inject slowly due to cardiac toxicity risk
Complete Solutions
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER describes how the body affects a specific drug
Bioavailability - ANSWER the amount of an administered dose of drug that reaches
systemic circulation
Bioavailability = quantity of drug reaching systemic circulation / quantity of drug
administered
pKa - ANSWER the ionization constant for acids and bases and is equal to the pH at
which 50% of the drug is ionized
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation - ANSWER pKa - pH = log (protonated/unprotonated)
Which side of the membrane do drugs accumulate? - ANSWER The side where ionization
is highest
Which fluids do basic drugs accumulate in? - ANSWER Acidic fluids
Which fluids do acidic drugs accumulate in? - ANSWER Basic fluids
,What is the simplest drug route? - ANSWER Oral
What are the advantages of oral administration? - ANSWER - simple & convenient
- safer than injections
- painless
What are the disadvantages of oral administration - ANSWER - absorption may be erratic
- patient compliance issues
- slow delivery
- first pass effect
What is the first pass effect? - ANSWER When liver enzymes inactive a portion of the
ingested drug and the dosage may be altered
What are the 6 parenteral drug routes? - ANSWER 1. Subcutaneous injection (SC)
2. Intramuscular injection (IM)
3. Intravenous injection (IV)
4. Sublingual
5. Topical
6. Transdermal
, What are the advantages of SC administration? - ANSWER - Easier than IV
- Absorption is slower than IV or IM
- Suitable for solid pellets, insoluble suspensions
What are the disadvantages of SC administration? - ANSWER - Not for large volumes
- Could be painful
- Absorption can be very slow
- Infection may occur
What are the advantages of IM route? - ANSWER - Good for moderate volumes
- Safer and easier than IV
What are the disadvantages of IM route? - ANSWER - Local pain, swelling, and infection
is possible
- Hemorrhaging may occur
What are the advantages of IV route? - ANSWER - Rapid onset (good for emergency use)
- Controlled drug delivery
- Good for large volumes
What are the disadvantages of IV route? - ANSWER - high risk of adverse effects
- have to inject slowly due to cardiac toxicity risk
