AU PSYC 304 FINAL EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTION SET ACCURATE MARKING
◉ Hindsight bias. Answer: Believing you could have predicted the
outcome after learning it
◉ Confirmation bias. Answer: Attend to only information that
confirms our expectations
◉ Characteristics that are largely due to nature. Answer: Abilities,
attitudes, brain waves, fears, heart rate, intelligence, interests,
personality, temperament
◉ Characteristics that are largely due to nurture. Answer: Values,
beliefs (ex: faith, politics), manners, habits
◉ Nature interacting with nurture. Answer: A person's genetics
serve as a defined range of what a person can become (their
potential) and the nurture that the person does/does not receive
affects how much of that potential they can reach
◉ Examples of nature/nurture interaction. Answer: 1. Gender roles
and gender identity
,2. Two kids are really good at art, but only one family can afford art
lessons
◉ Piaget's Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development. Answer: 1.
Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational
◉ Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage. Answer: -Birth to 2
years
-Experiencing the world through senses and actions
-Memory demonstrated through object permanence
-Stranger anxiety
◉ Cognitive Development: Pre-operational Stage. Answer: -2 to 7
years
-Representing things with images and sounds
-Pretend play
-Egocentric perspective
-Uses logic rather than logic
-Fails to see the conversion of mass and volume
-Language Development
,◉ Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage. Answer: -7 to
11 years
-Thinking logically about concrete events and grasping concrete
analogies
-Conversion, mass and liquid challenge is achieved
-Can transform mathematical equations
◉ Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage. Answer: -12
years to Adult
-Thinking about hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract
thoughts
-Abstract reasoning
-Potential for moral reasoning to develop
◉ Bowlby's Theory: Stages of Attachment. Answer: 1. Indiscriminate
Responsiveness
2. Focus on the Familiar
3. Intensive and Inclusive Attachment
4. Partnership Behavior
◉ Phase One of Attachment. Answer: -Indiscriminate
Responsiveness
, -Birth to 3 months
-"I just want someone close"
-Social smiling, babbling, grasp reflex
◉ Phase Two of Attachment. Answer: -Focus on the Familiar
-3 to 6 months
-"I prefer familiar people"
-Selective smile, stare at unfamiliar
◉ Phase Three of Attachment. Answer: -Intensive and Inclusive
Attachment
-6 months to 3 years
-"I only want familiar people"
-Separation/stranger anxiety
◉ Phase Four of Attachment. Answer: -Partnership behavior
-3 to 12 years
-"I can have people even when they are gone"
-Visualize parent when apart
◉ Ainsworth's Research: Styles of Attachment. Answer: 1. Secure
Attachment
QUESTION SET ACCURATE MARKING
◉ Hindsight bias. Answer: Believing you could have predicted the
outcome after learning it
◉ Confirmation bias. Answer: Attend to only information that
confirms our expectations
◉ Characteristics that are largely due to nature. Answer: Abilities,
attitudes, brain waves, fears, heart rate, intelligence, interests,
personality, temperament
◉ Characteristics that are largely due to nurture. Answer: Values,
beliefs (ex: faith, politics), manners, habits
◉ Nature interacting with nurture. Answer: A person's genetics
serve as a defined range of what a person can become (their
potential) and the nurture that the person does/does not receive
affects how much of that potential they can reach
◉ Examples of nature/nurture interaction. Answer: 1. Gender roles
and gender identity
,2. Two kids are really good at art, but only one family can afford art
lessons
◉ Piaget's Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development. Answer: 1.
Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational
◉ Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage. Answer: -Birth to 2
years
-Experiencing the world through senses and actions
-Memory demonstrated through object permanence
-Stranger anxiety
◉ Cognitive Development: Pre-operational Stage. Answer: -2 to 7
years
-Representing things with images and sounds
-Pretend play
-Egocentric perspective
-Uses logic rather than logic
-Fails to see the conversion of mass and volume
-Language Development
,◉ Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage. Answer: -7 to
11 years
-Thinking logically about concrete events and grasping concrete
analogies
-Conversion, mass and liquid challenge is achieved
-Can transform mathematical equations
◉ Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage. Answer: -12
years to Adult
-Thinking about hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract
thoughts
-Abstract reasoning
-Potential for moral reasoning to develop
◉ Bowlby's Theory: Stages of Attachment. Answer: 1. Indiscriminate
Responsiveness
2. Focus on the Familiar
3. Intensive and Inclusive Attachment
4. Partnership Behavior
◉ Phase One of Attachment. Answer: -Indiscriminate
Responsiveness
, -Birth to 3 months
-"I just want someone close"
-Social smiling, babbling, grasp reflex
◉ Phase Two of Attachment. Answer: -Focus on the Familiar
-3 to 6 months
-"I prefer familiar people"
-Selective smile, stare at unfamiliar
◉ Phase Three of Attachment. Answer: -Intensive and Inclusive
Attachment
-6 months to 3 years
-"I only want familiar people"
-Separation/stranger anxiety
◉ Phase Four of Attachment. Answer: -Partnership behavior
-3 to 12 years
-"I can have people even when they are gone"
-Visualize parent when apart
◉ Ainsworth's Research: Styles of Attachment. Answer: 1. Secure
Attachment
