BIO 130 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Sympatric Speciation - ✔✔The formation of a new species as a result of a genetic
change that produces a reproductive barrier between the changed population (mutants)
and the parent population. No geographic barrier is present.
✔✔Sympatric Speciation - ✔✔
✔✔Isolation by vicariance - ✔✔The physical splitting of a population into smaller,
isolated populations by a geographic barrier
✔✔Isolation by dispersal - ✔✔The movement of individuals from their place of origin to
a new location.
✔✔Phylogenetics - ✔✔the analysis of evolutionary, or ancestral, relationships between
taxa
✔✔Monophyletic group - ✔✔group that consists of a single ancestral species and all its
descendants and excludes any organisms that are not descended from that common
ancestor
✔✔Reproduction - ✔✔First condition necessary for Natural Selection
✔✔Heredity - ✔✔Second condition necessary for natural selection
✔✔Variation - ✔✔Third condition necessary for natural selection
✔✔Variable Fitness - ✔✔Fourth condition necessary for natural selection
✔✔Homoplasy - ✔✔A similar (analogous) structure or molecular sequence that has
evolved independently in two species.
✔✔Convergent Evolution - ✔✔Process by which unrelated organisms independently
evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
✔✔Reproductive Isolation - ✔✔Two Populations of the same species can no longer
mate together successfully
✔✔Post-Zygotic Isolation - ✔✔Two species can mate and create offspring but the
offspring is infertile. Example:Horse+Donkey=Mule
, ✔✔Pre-Zygotic Isolation - ✔✔Two species can't mate and create offspring. Can be due
to behavioral differences, temporal differences, geographic differences, physical
differences (size of sexual organs for example), etc. Contrast with post-zygotic isolation.
✔✔Allopatric - ✔✔From the Greek for "Different Countries"
✔✔Zygote - ✔✔First cell of a new organism.
✔✔Morula - ✔✔Grouping of 32 cells formed after a zygote goes through mitosis 5
times.
✔✔Blastula - ✔✔hollow ball of cells
✔✔Gastrulation - ✔✔In animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in
which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a three-layered embryo, the
gastrula.
✔✔Deuterostomes - ✔✔Animals in which the blastopore becomes the anus during early
embryonic development
✔✔Protostome - ✔✔an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
✔✔ontogeny - ✔✔The history of development of an individual organism during its
lifetime.
✔✔Phylogeny - ✔✔(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary
development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
✔✔ Evolution - ✔✔Change in the gene pool of a population over a long period of time
✔✔Extinction - ✔✔A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any
known living individuals.
✔✔Structural Homology - ✔✔The same basic internal organs (kidneys, stomach, heart,
lungs) are found in frogs, birds, snakes, and rodents. This is primarily an example of
_____.
✔✔Vestigial Organs - ✔✔
✔✔Vestigial Organs - ✔✔organs that serve no useful purpose for the organism; these
suggest that sometime in the past they were useful
✔✔Structural Homology - ✔✔
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Sympatric Speciation - ✔✔The formation of a new species as a result of a genetic
change that produces a reproductive barrier between the changed population (mutants)
and the parent population. No geographic barrier is present.
✔✔Sympatric Speciation - ✔✔
✔✔Isolation by vicariance - ✔✔The physical splitting of a population into smaller,
isolated populations by a geographic barrier
✔✔Isolation by dispersal - ✔✔The movement of individuals from their place of origin to
a new location.
✔✔Phylogenetics - ✔✔the analysis of evolutionary, or ancestral, relationships between
taxa
✔✔Monophyletic group - ✔✔group that consists of a single ancestral species and all its
descendants and excludes any organisms that are not descended from that common
ancestor
✔✔Reproduction - ✔✔First condition necessary for Natural Selection
✔✔Heredity - ✔✔Second condition necessary for natural selection
✔✔Variation - ✔✔Third condition necessary for natural selection
✔✔Variable Fitness - ✔✔Fourth condition necessary for natural selection
✔✔Homoplasy - ✔✔A similar (analogous) structure or molecular sequence that has
evolved independently in two species.
✔✔Convergent Evolution - ✔✔Process by which unrelated organisms independently
evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
✔✔Reproductive Isolation - ✔✔Two Populations of the same species can no longer
mate together successfully
✔✔Post-Zygotic Isolation - ✔✔Two species can mate and create offspring but the
offspring is infertile. Example:Horse+Donkey=Mule
, ✔✔Pre-Zygotic Isolation - ✔✔Two species can't mate and create offspring. Can be due
to behavioral differences, temporal differences, geographic differences, physical
differences (size of sexual organs for example), etc. Contrast with post-zygotic isolation.
✔✔Allopatric - ✔✔From the Greek for "Different Countries"
✔✔Zygote - ✔✔First cell of a new organism.
✔✔Morula - ✔✔Grouping of 32 cells formed after a zygote goes through mitosis 5
times.
✔✔Blastula - ✔✔hollow ball of cells
✔✔Gastrulation - ✔✔In animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in
which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a three-layered embryo, the
gastrula.
✔✔Deuterostomes - ✔✔Animals in which the blastopore becomes the anus during early
embryonic development
✔✔Protostome - ✔✔an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
✔✔ontogeny - ✔✔The history of development of an individual organism during its
lifetime.
✔✔Phylogeny - ✔✔(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary
development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
✔✔ Evolution - ✔✔Change in the gene pool of a population over a long period of time
✔✔Extinction - ✔✔A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any
known living individuals.
✔✔Structural Homology - ✔✔The same basic internal organs (kidneys, stomach, heart,
lungs) are found in frogs, birds, snakes, and rodents. This is primarily an example of
_____.
✔✔Vestigial Organs - ✔✔
✔✔Vestigial Organs - ✔✔organs that serve no useful purpose for the organism; these
suggest that sometime in the past they were useful
✔✔Structural Homology - ✔✔
