PRACTICE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1: GENETICS
a. Explain any three reasons for Mendel’s success.
b. Differentiate the following term:
i. Homozygous and heterozygous
ii. Gene and allele
iii. Genotype and phenotype
c. Two pea plants, each heterozygous for seed color (Yellow = Y, green = y) and seed shape
(Round = R, wrinkled = r), are crossed to study the pattern of inheritance for these two
traits in F2 generation.
i. Write down all possible gamete combinations produced by each parent.
ii. Construct a Punnett square to show every genotypic combination expected in the
F₂ generation.
d. Determine the phenotypic ratio from the analysis.
e. In a population of 6000 pea plants, the dominant yellow seed color appears in both YY and
Yy individuals while the recessive green seed color is expressed only in plants with the
homozygous genotype (yy). If field observations reveal that 80 plants produce green seeds.
Assuming this population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium:
i. Calculate the frequency of a dominant allele C.
ii. Calculate the frequency of a recessive allele c.
iii. Determine the expected number of heterozygous (Cc) pea plants in the population
f. Explain any four evidence for evolution
g. Explain the five evolutionary forces that can disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
QUESTION 2: BOTANY
a. Discuss the three types of meristems found in plants and mode of action.
b. Cells aggregate to form tissues, and tissues form organs. In plants, there are three tissue
systems, ground tissue, vascular tissue and dermal tissue systems. For each of these,
describe their tissue types and the respective types of cells that make up each tissue.
c. Explain the events that happen soon after pollination.
QUESTION 1: GENETICS
a. Explain any three reasons for Mendel’s success.
b. Differentiate the following term:
i. Homozygous and heterozygous
ii. Gene and allele
iii. Genotype and phenotype
c. Two pea plants, each heterozygous for seed color (Yellow = Y, green = y) and seed shape
(Round = R, wrinkled = r), are crossed to study the pattern of inheritance for these two
traits in F2 generation.
i. Write down all possible gamete combinations produced by each parent.
ii. Construct a Punnett square to show every genotypic combination expected in the
F₂ generation.
d. Determine the phenotypic ratio from the analysis.
e. In a population of 6000 pea plants, the dominant yellow seed color appears in both YY and
Yy individuals while the recessive green seed color is expressed only in plants with the
homozygous genotype (yy). If field observations reveal that 80 plants produce green seeds.
Assuming this population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium:
i. Calculate the frequency of a dominant allele C.
ii. Calculate the frequency of a recessive allele c.
iii. Determine the expected number of heterozygous (Cc) pea plants in the population
f. Explain any four evidence for evolution
g. Explain the five evolutionary forces that can disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
QUESTION 2: BOTANY
a. Discuss the three types of meristems found in plants and mode of action.
b. Cells aggregate to form tissues, and tissues form organs. In plants, there are three tissue
systems, ground tissue, vascular tissue and dermal tissue systems. For each of these,
describe their tissue types and the respective types of cells that make up each tissue.
c. Explain the events that happen soon after pollination.
