PHIL 101- Tr acy Lupher JMU
(Exam 2) Questions and
answ er s w ith accur ate
r ationales(PASSED)
Metaphysics - answer The study of the nature of reality
Material objects - answer These occupy space and persist through time
René Descartes - answer Who said: "Material substances are spatially extended."
Diachronic Identity - answer Identity over time
Spatial Parts - answer Parts of a whole
Ex) toes, fingers, body parts
Qualitative Identity - answer When two objects share qualities.
ex) poodle and german shephard both have fur, four legs
Numerical Identity - answer one object with two names.
ex) Jay Z = Shawn Carter
, Theseus' Ships - answer If they replace every part of the ship one by one, is it the
same ship?
Mereological Essentialism - answer If you change any spatial part, it becomes an
entirely new thing. It is not the same object!!
Puzzle of Material Constitution - answer How physical things make up other
physical things
Gottfried Leibniz - answer German polymath who independently identified
calculus and argued rationalism and optimism
Rationalism - answer Reasoning justifies knowledge
Optimism - answer God created best possible worlds
Indiscernibility of Identicals - answer Objects are not identical if one object has
something that the other lacks (or vice versa). AKA "Leibniz's Law"
Principle of the Identity of the Indiscernibles - answer It is impossible to have two
distinct objects that share ALL of the same properties
Mereological Universalism - answer Objects that do not spatially overlap can
compose an object.
(Exam 2) Questions and
answ er s w ith accur ate
r ationales(PASSED)
Metaphysics - answer The study of the nature of reality
Material objects - answer These occupy space and persist through time
René Descartes - answer Who said: "Material substances are spatially extended."
Diachronic Identity - answer Identity over time
Spatial Parts - answer Parts of a whole
Ex) toes, fingers, body parts
Qualitative Identity - answer When two objects share qualities.
ex) poodle and german shephard both have fur, four legs
Numerical Identity - answer one object with two names.
ex) Jay Z = Shawn Carter
, Theseus' Ships - answer If they replace every part of the ship one by one, is it the
same ship?
Mereological Essentialism - answer If you change any spatial part, it becomes an
entirely new thing. It is not the same object!!
Puzzle of Material Constitution - answer How physical things make up other
physical things
Gottfried Leibniz - answer German polymath who independently identified
calculus and argued rationalism and optimism
Rationalism - answer Reasoning justifies knowledge
Optimism - answer God created best possible worlds
Indiscernibility of Identicals - answer Objects are not identical if one object has
something that the other lacks (or vice versa). AKA "Leibniz's Law"
Principle of the Identity of the Indiscernibles - answer It is impossible to have two
distinct objects that share ALL of the same properties
Mereological Universalism - answer Objects that do not spatially overlap can
compose an object.
