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QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT
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A cohort study design compares those exposed and those
not exposed to
follow up on ________. - ANSWER-the time in which the
disease developed
randomized control trial - ANSWER-an experiment in which
participants are randomly assigned to different conditions for
the purpose of examining the effectiveness of an intervention
In a randomized trial, a planned crossover design: - ANSWER-
must take into
account the problem of possible residual effects of
the first therapy
All of the following are potential benefits of a randomized
clinical trial, except: -
ANSWER-The external validity of the study is
increased
, A randomized trial comparing the efficacy of two drugs
showed a difference between the two
(with a P value < 0.05). Assume that in reality, however, the
two drugs do not differ. This is therefore an example of: -
ANSWER-Type I error (α error)
criteria when making causal inferences - ANSWER-(1)
empirical association,
(2) temporal priority of the independent variable, and (3)
nonspuriousness.
When are cohort studies preferable - ANSWER-to investigate
the causes of
disease and to establish links between risk factors and
health outcomes.
When are cross-sectional studies preferable - ANSWER-to
make inferences about possible relationships or to gather
preliminary data to support further research and
experimentation.
What is confounding? - ANSWER-In a study
of whether factor A is a cause of disease B,
we say that a third factor, factor X, is a
confounder if the following are true:
1. Factor X is a known risk factor for disease
B.
2. Factor X is associated with factor A, but is
not a result of factor A.