SYG 2000 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔a German word that means to understand in a deep way - ✔✔Verstehen
✔✔the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to
represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values - ✔✔Antipositivism
✔✔statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants -
✔✔Quantitative sociology
✔✔in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources of its data -
✔✔Qualitative sociology
✔✔a proposed explanation about social interactions or society - ✔✔Theory
✔✔a testable proposition - ✔✔Hypothesis
✔✔the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location
and religion - ✔✔Social solidarity
✔✔the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the
cultural rules that govern social life - ✔✔Social fact
✔✔an error of trading an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence -
✔✔Reification
✔✔the process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society
that shapes that - ✔✔Behavior Figuration
✔✔Who was the world's first sociologist? - ✔✔Ibn Khaldun
✔✔Difference between troubles and issues - ✔✔Trouble is personal and effects on a
small scale while issues are wide spread and can effect populations
✔✔Who believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of
different social classes over the means of production and believed workers would revolt
and overthrow capitalism. He was a communist. His ideas were opposite of Comte's
positivism. Conflict theory looks at society as a competition for limited resources. -
✔✔Karl Marx
✔✔(1802-1876) the First Woman Sociologist believed principles of capitalism were
against the nature of Americans and that the making of workers poor and the business
,owners rich contributed to the poor treatment of women and their lack of rights -
✔✔Harriet Martineau
✔✔first to use the word sociology in a published work. Disagreed with Comte and Marx,
said market forces will control the economy; Functionalism- thought society worked like
the human body. Social institutions, or patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on
meeting social needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and
the economy. - ✔✔Herbert Spencer
✔✔(1858-1918) art critic who wrote widely on social and political issues as well. Took
an antipositivism stance and addressed topics such as conflict, the function of money,
individual identity in city life, and the European fear of outsiders. Much of his work
focused on the micro-level theories, and it analyzed the dynamic on two-person and
three-person groups. His work also emphasized individual culture as the creative
capacities of individuals. - ✔✔Georg Simmel
✔✔established sociology as a formal academic discipline by establishing the first
European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux. Believed that
sociologists could study objective "social facts" and felt it would be possible to
determine if a society was "healthy" or "pathological." Applied Spencer's principles- in a
healthy society, all parts work together to maintain stability, a state called dynamic
equilibrium by later sociologists such as Parsons. - ✔✔Emile Durkheim
✔✔focused on the ways in which the mind and the self were developed as a result of
social processes. Came up with the idea of significant others and general others.
Founder of symbolic interactionism. Basic ideas are: humans interact with things based
on meanings ascribed to those things; the ascribed meaning of things comes from our
interactions with others and society; the meanings of things are interpreted by a person
when dealing with things in specific circumstances. - ✔✔George Herbert Mead
✔✔Established a society department at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich. Was
antipositivism who stressed that even the researcher must be aware of their own bias
and introduces the concept of verstehen which is an outsider attempting to see a
person's behavior based on what is going on that person's group. So seeing life through
someone else's eyes. - ✔✔Max Weber
✔✔an attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions
such as why societies form and why they change - ✔✔Grand theories
✔✔philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate
theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them -
✔✔Paradigm
, ✔✔macro/mid level of analysis, the way each part of society functions together to
contribute to the whole - ✔✔Structural functionalism
✔✔a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources - ✔✔Conflict
theory
✔✔patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs - ✔✔Social
institutions
✔✔sought consequences of a social process - ✔✔Manifest functions
✔✔the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process - ✔✔Latent
functions
✔✔social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society -
✔✔Dysfunction
✔✔an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what
humans cognitively construct it to be - ✔✔Constructivism
✔✔What are the three foundational sociological perspectives? - ✔✔Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionism
Structural Functionalism
✔✔A measurement is considered __________ if it actually measures what it is intended
to measure, according to the topic of the study. - ✔✔Valid
✔✔Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one __________ causes
change in another. - ✔✔Variable
✔✔In a study, a group of ten-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week
and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent
variable? - ✔✔The weight gained
✔✔Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weigh for a child of that height
- ✔✔childhood obesity
✔✔Which materials are considered secondary data? - ✔✔Books and articles written by
other authors about their studies
✔✔What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study
Parrotheads? - ✔✔Web Ethnography
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔a German word that means to understand in a deep way - ✔✔Verstehen
✔✔the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to
represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values - ✔✔Antipositivism
✔✔statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants -
✔✔Quantitative sociology
✔✔in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources of its data -
✔✔Qualitative sociology
✔✔a proposed explanation about social interactions or society - ✔✔Theory
✔✔a testable proposition - ✔✔Hypothesis
✔✔the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location
and religion - ✔✔Social solidarity
✔✔the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the
cultural rules that govern social life - ✔✔Social fact
✔✔an error of trading an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence -
✔✔Reification
✔✔the process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society
that shapes that - ✔✔Behavior Figuration
✔✔Who was the world's first sociologist? - ✔✔Ibn Khaldun
✔✔Difference between troubles and issues - ✔✔Trouble is personal and effects on a
small scale while issues are wide spread and can effect populations
✔✔Who believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of
different social classes over the means of production and believed workers would revolt
and overthrow capitalism. He was a communist. His ideas were opposite of Comte's
positivism. Conflict theory looks at society as a competition for limited resources. -
✔✔Karl Marx
✔✔(1802-1876) the First Woman Sociologist believed principles of capitalism were
against the nature of Americans and that the making of workers poor and the business
,owners rich contributed to the poor treatment of women and their lack of rights -
✔✔Harriet Martineau
✔✔first to use the word sociology in a published work. Disagreed with Comte and Marx,
said market forces will control the economy; Functionalism- thought society worked like
the human body. Social institutions, or patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on
meeting social needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and
the economy. - ✔✔Herbert Spencer
✔✔(1858-1918) art critic who wrote widely on social and political issues as well. Took
an antipositivism stance and addressed topics such as conflict, the function of money,
individual identity in city life, and the European fear of outsiders. Much of his work
focused on the micro-level theories, and it analyzed the dynamic on two-person and
three-person groups. His work also emphasized individual culture as the creative
capacities of individuals. - ✔✔Georg Simmel
✔✔established sociology as a formal academic discipline by establishing the first
European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux. Believed that
sociologists could study objective "social facts" and felt it would be possible to
determine if a society was "healthy" or "pathological." Applied Spencer's principles- in a
healthy society, all parts work together to maintain stability, a state called dynamic
equilibrium by later sociologists such as Parsons. - ✔✔Emile Durkheim
✔✔focused on the ways in which the mind and the self were developed as a result of
social processes. Came up with the idea of significant others and general others.
Founder of symbolic interactionism. Basic ideas are: humans interact with things based
on meanings ascribed to those things; the ascribed meaning of things comes from our
interactions with others and society; the meanings of things are interpreted by a person
when dealing with things in specific circumstances. - ✔✔George Herbert Mead
✔✔Established a society department at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich. Was
antipositivism who stressed that even the researcher must be aware of their own bias
and introduces the concept of verstehen which is an outsider attempting to see a
person's behavior based on what is going on that person's group. So seeing life through
someone else's eyes. - ✔✔Max Weber
✔✔an attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions
such as why societies form and why they change - ✔✔Grand theories
✔✔philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate
theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them -
✔✔Paradigm
, ✔✔macro/mid level of analysis, the way each part of society functions together to
contribute to the whole - ✔✔Structural functionalism
✔✔a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources - ✔✔Conflict
theory
✔✔patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs - ✔✔Social
institutions
✔✔sought consequences of a social process - ✔✔Manifest functions
✔✔the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process - ✔✔Latent
functions
✔✔social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society -
✔✔Dysfunction
✔✔an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what
humans cognitively construct it to be - ✔✔Constructivism
✔✔What are the three foundational sociological perspectives? - ✔✔Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionism
Structural Functionalism
✔✔A measurement is considered __________ if it actually measures what it is intended
to measure, according to the topic of the study. - ✔✔Valid
✔✔Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one __________ causes
change in another. - ✔✔Variable
✔✔In a study, a group of ten-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week
and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent
variable? - ✔✔The weight gained
✔✔Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weigh for a child of that height
- ✔✔childhood obesity
✔✔Which materials are considered secondary data? - ✔✔Books and articles written by
other authors about their studies
✔✔What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study
Parrotheads? - ✔✔Web Ethnography
