TRANSDUCER ENGINEE
B.NAGARAJ S. RENUKA
Department' of Electronics and Instrumentation 'Enginee
B.RAMPRIYA
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Kamaraj College of "Engineering & Technology
Virudhunagar - 626 001.
,© 2009, Anuradha Publications'
First Edition: 2009
This textbook has been written as per,the latest syllabus of A
to meet the requirements for the syllabus of B.E., E.I.E., and I.c-iE
The primary aim of this book is to acquaint the students with the
of Sensors and Transducer systems and their applications for the m
various variables.
This book or part thereof cannot be ,
To illustrate the concepts, a large number of diagrams have be
translated o'r reproduced in 'any form
without the written permission 'of the this book.
authors and the publisher.
This book uses a very simple everyday language to explain the
will be very useful not only to the students but also to the teachers.
We are very much grateful to our beloved Principal Dr.K.Arul
ISBN: 978-81-8472-087-7
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, wh
Price : Rs. 150.00 constant source of inspiration and guidance to all our efforts.
We wish to 'express our profound thanks to Mr. M. S
M's. Anuradha Publications, the most leading technical book publisher
this -book in such a short span oftime with great enthusiasm and eff
Head Office Branch Office
Vidayal Karuppur, Kumbakonam - RMS, G-68 Kamakoti Flats, 20 Rameswaram Road, We are indebted to Mr. J.Gnanavadivel, M.E., Mepco Schlen
PIN: 612 605. T. Nagar, Chennai - 600 0-17. College, Sivakasi, for his timely help that motivated and encouraged u
it : 04366 - 262237, 263237 R : 044 ..2436 0134 book.
e-mail: Telefax: 044 - 2435 7410
Our sincere thanks to our family members for much needed m
and encouragement provided by them.
Any comments and suggestions for this book will be thankfully
and incorporated in the next edition.
, CONTENTS
Unit 1 Science of measurements and Instrumentation of
. Transducers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Measurement
1.3 Standards, Dimensions and Units of Measurement
1.4. Calibration
1.5 Errors "in measurement
1.6 Odds and uncertainty
1.7 Sensors and Transducers
Two Mark Questions and Answers
Unit 2 Characteristics of Transducers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Static characteristics and static calibration
2.8 Dynamic 'characteristics of Transducers
2.4 Mathematical model of Transducers
Two Mark Questions and Answers
Unit 3 Variable Resistance Transducer
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Potentiometer
3.3 Strain gauges.
3.4· Resistance Thermometers
, Science of Measurements and Instrumentation of ...
8.7 Humidity measurement using Resistive Transducers 3.34
Two Mark Q"uestions and Answers 3.36
Unit 4 Variable inductance and variable capacitance 4.1 - 4.36
Transducers
4:.1 Variable inductance Transducer 4.1 Science of Measurem
4.5
1·.2 Transducers working on principle of production of Eddy
currents
Instrumentation of' Tra
1:.8 Induction ·potentiometer 4.6.
1·.4 Linear variable Differential Transformer 4.7 1.1 INTRODUCTION
4:.5 Rotary variabledifferential Transformer 4.12 The study of any subject matter in engineering should be m
4.12 appreciation of the uses to which the material mightbeput in
1·.6 Variable reluctance pressure Transducer.
practice of the profession. Measurement syst.emsareused for
4:. 7 Inductive thickness Transducer 4.15 purposes in a wide variety of application areas. The easiest wa
4.17 amount of' vusc of science and technology is to examine
I
4:.8 Capacitive Transducer
measurements that arc being made and how they are being us
.'I'wo Mark Q'uestions and Answers 4.32
All the successful achievements in science and technology a
UnitB Other Transducers 5.1 ', 5.63 to the ability to measure the state, condition or characteristics
systems, in quantitative terms with. sufficient accuracy.
5.1 Piezoelectric Transducers 5.1
Lord-Kelvin stressed the importance of measurement in
5.2 M.agnetostrictive Transducers 5.13 saying: "Wh.en you can measure what you are speaking about, a
5.22 numbers, you know something about it".
5.8 rc Sensor
5.1: Digital Transducers 5.32 1.2 MEASUREMENT
5.38 The measurement is usually undertaken to ascertain and p
condition or characteristic of a system in quantitative terms.
5.6 . Fibre optic Transducers 5.4·8
performance of a physical or chemical system~ the' first operation
Two Mark Q'uestions and Answers 5..56 is measurement. The process or the act of measurement consist
quantitative comparison between a pre defined standard and a
word measurand is used to designate the particular physical p
observed and quantified that is, the input quantity to .the measur
B.NAGARAJ S. RENUKA
Department' of Electronics and Instrumentation 'Enginee
B.RAMPRIYA
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Kamaraj College of "Engineering & Technology
Virudhunagar - 626 001.
,© 2009, Anuradha Publications'
First Edition: 2009
This textbook has been written as per,the latest syllabus of A
to meet the requirements for the syllabus of B.E., E.I.E., and I.c-iE
The primary aim of this book is to acquaint the students with the
of Sensors and Transducer systems and their applications for the m
various variables.
This book or part thereof cannot be ,
To illustrate the concepts, a large number of diagrams have be
translated o'r reproduced in 'any form
without the written permission 'of the this book.
authors and the publisher.
This book uses a very simple everyday language to explain the
will be very useful not only to the students but also to the teachers.
We are very much grateful to our beloved Principal Dr.K.Arul
ISBN: 978-81-8472-087-7
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, wh
Price : Rs. 150.00 constant source of inspiration and guidance to all our efforts.
We wish to 'express our profound thanks to Mr. M. S
M's. Anuradha Publications, the most leading technical book publisher
this -book in such a short span oftime with great enthusiasm and eff
Head Office Branch Office
Vidayal Karuppur, Kumbakonam - RMS, G-68 Kamakoti Flats, 20 Rameswaram Road, We are indebted to Mr. J.Gnanavadivel, M.E., Mepco Schlen
PIN: 612 605. T. Nagar, Chennai - 600 0-17. College, Sivakasi, for his timely help that motivated and encouraged u
it : 04366 - 262237, 263237 R : 044 ..2436 0134 book.
e-mail: Telefax: 044 - 2435 7410
Our sincere thanks to our family members for much needed m
and encouragement provided by them.
Any comments and suggestions for this book will be thankfully
and incorporated in the next edition.
, CONTENTS
Unit 1 Science of measurements and Instrumentation of
. Transducers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Measurement
1.3 Standards, Dimensions and Units of Measurement
1.4. Calibration
1.5 Errors "in measurement
1.6 Odds and uncertainty
1.7 Sensors and Transducers
Two Mark Questions and Answers
Unit 2 Characteristics of Transducers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Static characteristics and static calibration
2.8 Dynamic 'characteristics of Transducers
2.4 Mathematical model of Transducers
Two Mark Questions and Answers
Unit 3 Variable Resistance Transducer
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Potentiometer
3.3 Strain gauges.
3.4· Resistance Thermometers
, Science of Measurements and Instrumentation of ...
8.7 Humidity measurement using Resistive Transducers 3.34
Two Mark Q"uestions and Answers 3.36
Unit 4 Variable inductance and variable capacitance 4.1 - 4.36
Transducers
4:.1 Variable inductance Transducer 4.1 Science of Measurem
4.5
1·.2 Transducers working on principle of production of Eddy
currents
Instrumentation of' Tra
1:.8 Induction ·potentiometer 4.6.
1·.4 Linear variable Differential Transformer 4.7 1.1 INTRODUCTION
4:.5 Rotary variabledifferential Transformer 4.12 The study of any subject matter in engineering should be m
4.12 appreciation of the uses to which the material mightbeput in
1·.6 Variable reluctance pressure Transducer.
practice of the profession. Measurement syst.emsareused for
4:. 7 Inductive thickness Transducer 4.15 purposes in a wide variety of application areas. The easiest wa
4.17 amount of' vusc of science and technology is to examine
I
4:.8 Capacitive Transducer
measurements that arc being made and how they are being us
.'I'wo Mark Q'uestions and Answers 4.32
All the successful achievements in science and technology a
UnitB Other Transducers 5.1 ', 5.63 to the ability to measure the state, condition or characteristics
systems, in quantitative terms with. sufficient accuracy.
5.1 Piezoelectric Transducers 5.1
Lord-Kelvin stressed the importance of measurement in
5.2 M.agnetostrictive Transducers 5.13 saying: "Wh.en you can measure what you are speaking about, a
5.22 numbers, you know something about it".
5.8 rc Sensor
5.1: Digital Transducers 5.32 1.2 MEASUREMENT
5.38 The measurement is usually undertaken to ascertain and p
condition or characteristic of a system in quantitative terms.
5.6 . Fibre optic Transducers 5.4·8
performance of a physical or chemical system~ the' first operation
Two Mark Q'uestions and Answers 5..56 is measurement. The process or the act of measurement consist
quantitative comparison between a pre defined standard and a
word measurand is used to designate the particular physical p
observed and quantified that is, the input quantity to .the measur
