EBP Final Exam Study Guide with rationale| 2025/2026
Compared to healthcare organizations, individual nurses C - Individual nurses usually adjust how they teach, assess, or intervene rather
most often use research evidence by: than formally writing protocols or guidelines.
A. Writing detailed protocols for every patient
B.Creating formal care pathways
C. Integrating it into their usual routines and ways of
doing things
D.Developing clinical guidelines for the unit
Research evidence generally moves from limited to A - As multiple studies accumulate, conclusions become more robust and
greater certainty and usefulness as more studies are done. applicable across settings and populations.
A. True
B.False
A clinical protocol may take which of the following D - Protocols can be expressed as pathways, algorithms, order sets, or
forms? standardized plans of care.
A. Clinical pathway
B.Care algorithm
C. Standardized plan of care
D. All of the above
Which source of evidence is usually considered least C - Anecdotes are highly subjective and not systematically collected, so they're
trustworthy when designing a protocol? the weakest form of evidence.
A. Findings from well-designed research studies
B.Internal quality monitoring data
C.Anecdotes from patients
D.Expert opinion
, Which is the best description of the evidence-based B - EBP combines research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to
practice (EBP) movement? guide care.
A. Strict adherence to protocols with no deviation
B.Integration of clinical expertise with the best
available external research evidence
C. Preference for expert opinion over research findings
D. Avoiding protocols and relying mainly on
individual judgment
Which is not one of the major forms of research C - Anecdotal evidence is not a systematic research product, unlike studies,
evidence? summaries, and guidelines.
A. Clinical practice guidelines
B.Research summaries
C. Anecdotal evidence
D.Individual original studies
Research evidence includes which of the following? D - All three forms are built from research and are considered research evidence
A. Findings from a single original study in EBP.
B.Conclusions of a systematic review
C. Recommendations from evidence-based guidelines
D. All of the above
Usually, findings from one or two well-done studies are B - Guidelines typically require multiple studies and synthesized evidence, not just
enough to create reliable evidence-based guidelines. one or two.
A. True
B.False
A systematic review is best described as: B - Systematic reviews use a rigorous, transparent method to locate and synthesize
A. A single original research report multiple studies.
B. A critical, structured synthesis of multiple research
studies on a focused question
C. A narrative literature review using any articles the
author can find
D. A consensus document developed solely by expert
opinion
The most efficient starting point for developing C - Synthesized evidence and guidelines provide ready-to-use, higher-level
an evidence-based protocol is usually: evidence for protocols.
A. Anecdotal data from patients
B.Individual qualitative studies only
C. Systematic reviews and/or evidence-based clinical
practice guidelines
D.Non-peer-reviewed internet sources
Which database is widely used and freely accessible for C - PubMed/MEDLINE is a free, widely used database for biomedical and nursing
biomedical literature? research.
A. CINAHL
B.PsycINFO
C. PubMed / MEDLINE
D. Joanna Briggs Institute
Compared to healthcare organizations, individual nurses C - Individual nurses usually adjust how they teach, assess, or intervene rather
most often use research evidence by: than formally writing protocols or guidelines.
A. Writing detailed protocols for every patient
B.Creating formal care pathways
C. Integrating it into their usual routines and ways of
doing things
D.Developing clinical guidelines for the unit
Research evidence generally moves from limited to A - As multiple studies accumulate, conclusions become more robust and
greater certainty and usefulness as more studies are done. applicable across settings and populations.
A. True
B.False
A clinical protocol may take which of the following D - Protocols can be expressed as pathways, algorithms, order sets, or
forms? standardized plans of care.
A. Clinical pathway
B.Care algorithm
C. Standardized plan of care
D. All of the above
Which source of evidence is usually considered least C - Anecdotes are highly subjective and not systematically collected, so they're
trustworthy when designing a protocol? the weakest form of evidence.
A. Findings from well-designed research studies
B.Internal quality monitoring data
C.Anecdotes from patients
D.Expert opinion
, Which is the best description of the evidence-based B - EBP combines research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to
practice (EBP) movement? guide care.
A. Strict adherence to protocols with no deviation
B.Integration of clinical expertise with the best
available external research evidence
C. Preference for expert opinion over research findings
D. Avoiding protocols and relying mainly on
individual judgment
Which is not one of the major forms of research C - Anecdotal evidence is not a systematic research product, unlike studies,
evidence? summaries, and guidelines.
A. Clinical practice guidelines
B.Research summaries
C. Anecdotal evidence
D.Individual original studies
Research evidence includes which of the following? D - All three forms are built from research and are considered research evidence
A. Findings from a single original study in EBP.
B.Conclusions of a systematic review
C. Recommendations from evidence-based guidelines
D. All of the above
Usually, findings from one or two well-done studies are B - Guidelines typically require multiple studies and synthesized evidence, not just
enough to create reliable evidence-based guidelines. one or two.
A. True
B.False
A systematic review is best described as: B - Systematic reviews use a rigorous, transparent method to locate and synthesize
A. A single original research report multiple studies.
B. A critical, structured synthesis of multiple research
studies on a focused question
C. A narrative literature review using any articles the
author can find
D. A consensus document developed solely by expert
opinion
The most efficient starting point for developing C - Synthesized evidence and guidelines provide ready-to-use, higher-level
an evidence-based protocol is usually: evidence for protocols.
A. Anecdotal data from patients
B.Individual qualitative studies only
C. Systematic reviews and/or evidence-based clinical
practice guidelines
D.Non-peer-reviewed internet sources
Which database is widely used and freely accessible for C - PubMed/MEDLINE is a free, widely used database for biomedical and nursing
biomedical literature? research.
A. CINAHL
B.PsycINFO
C. PubMed / MEDLINE
D. Joanna Briggs Institute
