TNCC PRE-COURSE STUDY GUIDE EXAM
2026/2027 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+ |JUST
RELEASED!!|GUARANTEED PASS
What are the levels of burn depth?
- superficial (1st degree)
- superficial partial thickness (2nd degree)
- deep partial thickness (2nd degree)
- full thickness (3rd/4th degree)
Describe the methods to estimate extent of burn injuries.
Lund & Browder
- age/burned area
Rule of 9s
- divides body into areas of 9% or multiples of 9% (except perineum 1%)
Rule of palms
- measure small/ scattered burns - patient palm = 1%
What is capillary leak syndrome, and what is the clinical significance of this disorder?
inflammatory response resulting in large fluid shifts from intervascular to interstitial space
results in rapid edema and fluid losses
- hypovolemia
1|Page
,What are airway considerations specific to burns?
- burns to facial/oral tissues caused caused by flame or heated air can cause rapid edema
causing airway obstruction and reduced airway patency
- inhaled chemicals in burning material can cause injury to lungs
- CO (replaces 02 in hemoglobin)
- pulse ox not reliable indicator of 02 status
- use 100% 02/non-rebreather
- cyanide
- prophy treatment - cyanokit - given based on details of injury (pt found down in enclosed
burning enclosure)
What is the initial treatment for known/suspected CO poisoning?
- 100% o2 w/nonrebreather
- reduces 1/2 life of CO
What is the difference in an abrasion and avulsion injury?
- abrasion is partial/full thickness wound that does NOT go deeper than dermis (road rash)
- avulsion is full thickness wound caused by tearing/ripping of skin and soft tissue away from
underlying tissues (degloving)
What are the signs of mild injury related to frostbite?
- early rewarming after brief exposure
- clear blisters on digit tips
- bright red/normal skin color
- sensation present
- digits are warm
What are the signs of a deep injury related to frostbite?
- delayed warming after prolonged exposure
- hemorrhagic proximal blisters
2|Page
,- purple/mottled skin
- sensation absent
- digits are cool
What are the interventions for frostbite?
- gentle rewarming over period of 15-30 minutes
- remove wet clothing/replace w/warm blankets
- give warm fluids by mouth
- avoid friction/rubbing
- elevate affected areas
- pain control
What is the difference between cultural competence and cultural humility?
- Competence is knowledge and stereotyping
- Humility is lifelong learning and flexibility
Why is it important to use a person's correct pronoun?
Demonstrates respect, inclusiveness and promotes feeling of safety
What are some physiologic considerations for the trauma patient who is undergoing gender
reassignment procedures?
Airway- potential alterations
Respiratory- Breast/chest surgery, binders
Cardiac- ↑ Risk MI and stroke
Urinary- Strictures, fistulas
Labs- Alterations d/t HRT
What is the pediatric assessment triangle?
Appearance, work of breathing and circulation to the skin.
3|Page
, How is the pediatric assessment triangle used to help form a general impression of physiologic
stability when a peds patient arrives at the ED?
"sick, sicker, sickest" determination
What are some anatomic or physiologic differences in the pediatric patient that can affect the
airway components of the primary survey?
- infants are nose breathers
- Smaller airway
- shorter trachea/neck
- pliable laryngeal and tracheal cartilidge
- larynx easily compressed when neck hyperflexed/flexed
- large head
- lax neck ligaments - higher risk of spinal cord injury w/o radiographic abnormalities
- Larger tongue
What are some anatomic or physiologic differences in the pediatric patient that can affect the
breathing components of the primary survey?
- higher RR
- ↑ metabolic rate
- horizontal rib cage, weak chest wall = smaller tidal volumes
- alveoli have less elastic recoil and lack supportive tissue
- chest and abdominal muscles are fatigue quickly
What are some anatomic or physiologic differences in the pediatric patient that can affect the
circulation components of the primary survey?
- HR varies
- tachycardia is main way of maintaining CO (stroke volume can't be increased to maintain)
- infants have double the CO as adults
- children become quickly dehydrated
- when compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, decompensation is sudden and rapid
4|Page
2026/2027 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+ |JUST
RELEASED!!|GUARANTEED PASS
What are the levels of burn depth?
- superficial (1st degree)
- superficial partial thickness (2nd degree)
- deep partial thickness (2nd degree)
- full thickness (3rd/4th degree)
Describe the methods to estimate extent of burn injuries.
Lund & Browder
- age/burned area
Rule of 9s
- divides body into areas of 9% or multiples of 9% (except perineum 1%)
Rule of palms
- measure small/ scattered burns - patient palm = 1%
What is capillary leak syndrome, and what is the clinical significance of this disorder?
inflammatory response resulting in large fluid shifts from intervascular to interstitial space
results in rapid edema and fluid losses
- hypovolemia
1|Page
,What are airway considerations specific to burns?
- burns to facial/oral tissues caused caused by flame or heated air can cause rapid edema
causing airway obstruction and reduced airway patency
- inhaled chemicals in burning material can cause injury to lungs
- CO (replaces 02 in hemoglobin)
- pulse ox not reliable indicator of 02 status
- use 100% 02/non-rebreather
- cyanide
- prophy treatment - cyanokit - given based on details of injury (pt found down in enclosed
burning enclosure)
What is the initial treatment for known/suspected CO poisoning?
- 100% o2 w/nonrebreather
- reduces 1/2 life of CO
What is the difference in an abrasion and avulsion injury?
- abrasion is partial/full thickness wound that does NOT go deeper than dermis (road rash)
- avulsion is full thickness wound caused by tearing/ripping of skin and soft tissue away from
underlying tissues (degloving)
What are the signs of mild injury related to frostbite?
- early rewarming after brief exposure
- clear blisters on digit tips
- bright red/normal skin color
- sensation present
- digits are warm
What are the signs of a deep injury related to frostbite?
- delayed warming after prolonged exposure
- hemorrhagic proximal blisters
2|Page
,- purple/mottled skin
- sensation absent
- digits are cool
What are the interventions for frostbite?
- gentle rewarming over period of 15-30 minutes
- remove wet clothing/replace w/warm blankets
- give warm fluids by mouth
- avoid friction/rubbing
- elevate affected areas
- pain control
What is the difference between cultural competence and cultural humility?
- Competence is knowledge and stereotyping
- Humility is lifelong learning and flexibility
Why is it important to use a person's correct pronoun?
Demonstrates respect, inclusiveness and promotes feeling of safety
What are some physiologic considerations for the trauma patient who is undergoing gender
reassignment procedures?
Airway- potential alterations
Respiratory- Breast/chest surgery, binders
Cardiac- ↑ Risk MI and stroke
Urinary- Strictures, fistulas
Labs- Alterations d/t HRT
What is the pediatric assessment triangle?
Appearance, work of breathing and circulation to the skin.
3|Page
, How is the pediatric assessment triangle used to help form a general impression of physiologic
stability when a peds patient arrives at the ED?
"sick, sicker, sickest" determination
What are some anatomic or physiologic differences in the pediatric patient that can affect the
airway components of the primary survey?
- infants are nose breathers
- Smaller airway
- shorter trachea/neck
- pliable laryngeal and tracheal cartilidge
- larynx easily compressed when neck hyperflexed/flexed
- large head
- lax neck ligaments - higher risk of spinal cord injury w/o radiographic abnormalities
- Larger tongue
What are some anatomic or physiologic differences in the pediatric patient that can affect the
breathing components of the primary survey?
- higher RR
- ↑ metabolic rate
- horizontal rib cage, weak chest wall = smaller tidal volumes
- alveoli have less elastic recoil and lack supportive tissue
- chest and abdominal muscles are fatigue quickly
What are some anatomic or physiologic differences in the pediatric patient that can affect the
circulation components of the primary survey?
- HR varies
- tachycardia is main way of maintaining CO (stroke volume can't be increased to maintain)
- infants have double the CO as adults
- children become quickly dehydrated
- when compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, decompensation is sudden and rapid
4|Page
