HTHRHSC 3500 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Early Childhood - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3-6 year olds
Body Changes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Physical growth increases from 3-6, but more slowly than
during infancy
- Grow 2-4 inches and gain a few pounds
- Boys vs. Girls - not a significant difference between the two
- Eating habits - ate healthy still eat healthy, same with junk food, family meal time- fosters conversation
and builds relationships
- Tooth decay- decreasing since 1970's; depends on SES
Sleep Patterns and Problems - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Affected by cultural expections:
- Kenya - sleep when you feel like it
- Canada - common for people to go to bed right after they eat dinner
- US - have bedtime and nap time
- Bed time rituals - brush teeth, go to bathroom, read a book, prayer before bed
- Bedtime struggles - fighting going to bed
- Nightmares or sleep terrors - can start as early as 3-5 years old, done with this by about 8
- Sleep walking and talking is common
- Majority of parents will say their child has sleep problems
Brain Development (3-6 year olds) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Growth spurt continues up to age 3
- Brain is 90% of its adult weight
- 95% adult weight by age 6
- Brain development affects development of motor skills
Motor Development - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Progression in gross and fine motor skills and hand-eye
coordination
,- Stages of art production- scribbling (2), shape (3), design, pictorial (4-5)
Handeness evident by 3:
- L hemisphere is dominant in most people
- Handedness may be genetic
Health - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Obesity
-Low SES - pound of hot dogs for a dollar
- Clean plate club - so you don't waste food
- Have one or both parents that are obese = higher risk
- Energy dense food is bad for you - ex. fast food
Undernutrition
- Increased incidence globally
- Underlying cause in 50% childhood deaths
- Effects can be reversed with improved diet and engagement activities
Health and Safety - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Health in general - SES and ethnicity
- Contagious illness and immunization - US is good up to the age of 3 and then not as good about
vaccinations
- Minor illnesses
- Accidents - major cause of death for this age group
- Evnironmental Factors - secondhand smoke (asthma, respiratory infections), poverty, homelessness,
exposure to lead (lead paint, fine as you don't lick or eat it)
- Vulnerable groups have worse health outcomes
Cognitive Development - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Piagetian Approach: The Preoperational Child (ages 2-
7)
- Symbolic function - children can think about people, objects, and events that are not physically present
- Deferred imitation - see something then do it later
- Pretend play - played house and different roles
- Language improves, increasing a lot
, The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Child can make accurate judgements about spatial
relationships
- Children can understand the concept of identity (people are people they can vary in size and
appearance); link cause and effect; categorize living and nonliving things (animism); and understand
principles of counting (count to 10)
The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Centration -> child focuses on one aspect of a
situation and neglect the other, can only think about one thing at a time
- Decenter -> think simultaneously about several aspects of a situation, beginings of empathy
- Egocentrism -> Inability to consider another's point of view, type of centration
The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Conservation -> awareness that 2 objects that are
equal remain so, even if their appearance is altered (ex. in picture above), understand this by 6
- Logic is limited by irreversibility and focus on successive states rather than transformations
- Irreversibility -> fialure to understand that an operation can go 2 ways, do not understand this until
about 6
The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- The theory of mind develops between 3 and 5
- Hereditary and environmental influences affect individual differences in theory of mind development
- Nature and nurture are still revelant
The Theory of Mind - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Awareness of child's own thought processes
- Awareness of social cognition- other people have mental states; empathy
- Understanding that people can hold false beliefs - people's representation of reality may be wrong;
Understand people can lie and you learn to lie to try to get yourself out of something
- Ability to deceive
- Ability to distinguish apearance form reality - Ex. halloween costumes you are not actually what you
dress up as
- Ability to distinguish fantasy from reality - books and movies
- Aware that dreams are dreams by age 6
Early Childhood - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3-6 year olds
Body Changes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Physical growth increases from 3-6, but more slowly than
during infancy
- Grow 2-4 inches and gain a few pounds
- Boys vs. Girls - not a significant difference between the two
- Eating habits - ate healthy still eat healthy, same with junk food, family meal time- fosters conversation
and builds relationships
- Tooth decay- decreasing since 1970's; depends on SES
Sleep Patterns and Problems - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Affected by cultural expections:
- Kenya - sleep when you feel like it
- Canada - common for people to go to bed right after they eat dinner
- US - have bedtime and nap time
- Bed time rituals - brush teeth, go to bathroom, read a book, prayer before bed
- Bedtime struggles - fighting going to bed
- Nightmares or sleep terrors - can start as early as 3-5 years old, done with this by about 8
- Sleep walking and talking is common
- Majority of parents will say their child has sleep problems
Brain Development (3-6 year olds) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Growth spurt continues up to age 3
- Brain is 90% of its adult weight
- 95% adult weight by age 6
- Brain development affects development of motor skills
Motor Development - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Progression in gross and fine motor skills and hand-eye
coordination
,- Stages of art production- scribbling (2), shape (3), design, pictorial (4-5)
Handeness evident by 3:
- L hemisphere is dominant in most people
- Handedness may be genetic
Health - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Obesity
-Low SES - pound of hot dogs for a dollar
- Clean plate club - so you don't waste food
- Have one or both parents that are obese = higher risk
- Energy dense food is bad for you - ex. fast food
Undernutrition
- Increased incidence globally
- Underlying cause in 50% childhood deaths
- Effects can be reversed with improved diet and engagement activities
Health and Safety - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Health in general - SES and ethnicity
- Contagious illness and immunization - US is good up to the age of 3 and then not as good about
vaccinations
- Minor illnesses
- Accidents - major cause of death for this age group
- Evnironmental Factors - secondhand smoke (asthma, respiratory infections), poverty, homelessness,
exposure to lead (lead paint, fine as you don't lick or eat it)
- Vulnerable groups have worse health outcomes
Cognitive Development - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Piagetian Approach: The Preoperational Child (ages 2-
7)
- Symbolic function - children can think about people, objects, and events that are not physically present
- Deferred imitation - see something then do it later
- Pretend play - played house and different roles
- Language improves, increasing a lot
, The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Child can make accurate judgements about spatial
relationships
- Children can understand the concept of identity (people are people they can vary in size and
appearance); link cause and effect; categorize living and nonliving things (animism); and understand
principles of counting (count to 10)
The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Centration -> child focuses on one aspect of a
situation and neglect the other, can only think about one thing at a time
- Decenter -> think simultaneously about several aspects of a situation, beginings of empathy
- Egocentrism -> Inability to consider another's point of view, type of centration
The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Conservation -> awareness that 2 objects that are
equal remain so, even if their appearance is altered (ex. in picture above), understand this by 6
- Logic is limited by irreversibility and focus on successive states rather than transformations
- Irreversibility -> fialure to understand that an operation can go 2 ways, do not understand this until
about 6
The Preoperational Child - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- The theory of mind develops between 3 and 5
- Hereditary and environmental influences affect individual differences in theory of mind development
- Nature and nurture are still revelant
The Theory of Mind - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Awareness of child's own thought processes
- Awareness of social cognition- other people have mental states; empathy
- Understanding that people can hold false beliefs - people's representation of reality may be wrong;
Understand people can lie and you learn to lie to try to get yourself out of something
- Ability to deceive
- Ability to distinguish apearance form reality - Ex. halloween costumes you are not actually what you
dress up as
- Ability to distinguish fantasy from reality - books and movies
- Aware that dreams are dreams by age 6
