Running head: CRISPR 1
CRISPR
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
, CRISPR 2
What is CRISPR?
CRISPR is a type of technology used for gene editing which stands for, Clustered
Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (Life Sciences, 2019). The
technology controls the genes to be expressed in plants, humans and animals. CRISPR
can also be described as a series of short repeating DNA sequences having spacers
between them. CRISPR is the definitive feature of the genetic code and immune system
of bacteria. In CRISPR, repeated nucleotide sequences are distributed throughout while
spacers are interspersed among the repeated sequences (Life Sciences, 2019). In
bacterial genome CRISPR is used for remembering viral attacks whereby viral DNA is
incorporated into the bacterial genome (Life Sciences, 2019). Consequently, the viral
DNA becomes the spacers in the CRISPR sequence hence giving the bacteria
immunity.
Cas-9 is another important molecule associated with CRISPR. Cas genes are
always located nearby and once activated, the genes make enzymes which act as
molecular scissors (Life Sciences, 2019). Cas-9 attacks viruses through cutting viral
DNA (foreign invader).When a virus attacks bacteria, its DNA is integrated into the
CRISPR sequence and during another viral attack, the bacteria will have memory and
send RNA and cas9 to destroy the virus (Life Sciences, 2019). Gene manipulation and
editing is enabled when CRISPR components are incorporated into complex organisms
like humans..
The discovery of the first CRISPR sequence was made in 1987.It was in 1993,
when a scientist called Francisco Mojica discovered the hallmarks of the CRISPR locus
through characterization of the molecule (Broad Institute, 2019). In 2005, Mojica and
CRISPR
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
, CRISPR 2
What is CRISPR?
CRISPR is a type of technology used for gene editing which stands for, Clustered
Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (Life Sciences, 2019). The
technology controls the genes to be expressed in plants, humans and animals. CRISPR
can also be described as a series of short repeating DNA sequences having spacers
between them. CRISPR is the definitive feature of the genetic code and immune system
of bacteria. In CRISPR, repeated nucleotide sequences are distributed throughout while
spacers are interspersed among the repeated sequences (Life Sciences, 2019). In
bacterial genome CRISPR is used for remembering viral attacks whereby viral DNA is
incorporated into the bacterial genome (Life Sciences, 2019). Consequently, the viral
DNA becomes the spacers in the CRISPR sequence hence giving the bacteria
immunity.
Cas-9 is another important molecule associated with CRISPR. Cas genes are
always located nearby and once activated, the genes make enzymes which act as
molecular scissors (Life Sciences, 2019). Cas-9 attacks viruses through cutting viral
DNA (foreign invader).When a virus attacks bacteria, its DNA is integrated into the
CRISPR sequence and during another viral attack, the bacteria will have memory and
send RNA and cas9 to destroy the virus (Life Sciences, 2019). Gene manipulation and
editing is enabled when CRISPR components are incorporated into complex organisms
like humans..
The discovery of the first CRISPR sequence was made in 1987.It was in 1993,
when a scientist called Francisco Mojica discovered the hallmarks of the CRISPR locus
through characterization of the molecule (Broad Institute, 2019). In 2005, Mojica and
