EVOLVE HESI PHARM EXAM NEWEST COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
The healthcare provider prescribes digitalis (Digoxin) for a client diagnosed with heart failure.
Which intervention should the nurse implement prior to administering the digoxin?
A. observe the respiratory rate and depth
B. assess the serum potassium level
C. obtain the client blood pressure
D. monitor serum glucose level
B. Assess the serum potassium level
Rationale:
Hypokalemia (decreased serum potassium) will precipitate digitalis toxicity in persons receiving
digoxin. The nurse should monitor the client's serum potassium levels. Blood pressure and
respiratory rate will not inform the nurse about potential safety issues with digitalis.
Which medications should the nurse caution the client about taking while receiving an opioid
analgesic?
A. antiacids
B. benzodiazepines
1|Page
,C. antihypertensives
D. oral antidiabetics
B. benzodiazepines
Rationale
Respiratory depression increases with the concurrent use of opioid analgesics and other central
nervous system depressant agents, such as alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines.
Antacids and antidiabetic agents do not interact with opiates to produce adverse effects.
Antihypertensives may cause morphine-induced hypotension, but should not be withheld
without notifying the healthcare provider.
The nurse is assessing the effectiveness of high dose aspirin therapy for an 88-year-old client
with arthritis. The client reports that she can't hear the nurse's questions because her ears
are ringing. What action should the nurse implement?
A. Refer the client to an audiologist for evaluation of her hearing.
B. Advise the client that this is a common side effect of aspirin therapy.
C. Notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately.
D. Ask the client to turn off her hearing aid during the exam
C. notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately
Rationale
Tinnitus is an early sign of salicylate toxicity. The healthcare provider should be notified
immediately, and the medication discontinued
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,A client asks the nurse if glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral insulin. Which response should the
nurse provide?
A. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and has the same actions and properties as intermediate insulin."
B. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and is distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the same manner
as insulin."
C. "No, it is not an oral insulin and can be used only when some beta cell function is present."
D. "No, it is not an oral insulin, but it is effective for those who are resistant to injectable
insulins."
C. "No, it is not an oral insulin and can be used only when some beta cell function is present."
Rationale
An effective oral form of insulin has not yet been developed because when insulin is taken
orally, it is destroyed by digestive enzymes. Glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral hypoglycemic agent
that enhances pancreatic production of insulin
In evaluating the effects of lactulose (Cephulac), which outcome would indicate that the drug
is performing as intended?
A. An increase in urine output.
B. Two or three soft stools per day.
C. Watery, diarrhea stools.
D. Increased serum bilirubin.
B. Two or three soft stools per day
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, Rationale
The medication lactulose can be administered for either chronic constipation or for portal-
systemic encephalopathy in clients with hepatic disease. Two to three stools a day indicate that
lactulose is performing as intended for chronic constipation. This would also indicate it should
be effective for the clients with encephalopathy because the lactulose's action prevents
absorption of ammonia in the colon as it increases water absorption and softens the stool. The
efficacy of the use for ammonia absorption would have to be verified by a serum ammonia level
and observation of clearing of the client's mental status
An antacid (Maalox) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease. The nurse knows that
the purpose of this medication is to
A. decrease production of gastric secretions.
B. produce an adherent barrier over the ulcer.
C. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above.
D. decrease gastric motor activity
C. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above.
Rationale
The objective of antacids is to neutralize gastric acids and keep pH of 3.5 or above which is
necessary for pepsinogen inactivity
A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing for possible myasthenia gravis. The
nurse prepares for intravenous administration of edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). What is
the expected outcome for this client following administration of this pharmacologic agent?
4|Page
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
The healthcare provider prescribes digitalis (Digoxin) for a client diagnosed with heart failure.
Which intervention should the nurse implement prior to administering the digoxin?
A. observe the respiratory rate and depth
B. assess the serum potassium level
C. obtain the client blood pressure
D. monitor serum glucose level
B. Assess the serum potassium level
Rationale:
Hypokalemia (decreased serum potassium) will precipitate digitalis toxicity in persons receiving
digoxin. The nurse should monitor the client's serum potassium levels. Blood pressure and
respiratory rate will not inform the nurse about potential safety issues with digitalis.
Which medications should the nurse caution the client about taking while receiving an opioid
analgesic?
A. antiacids
B. benzodiazepines
1|Page
,C. antihypertensives
D. oral antidiabetics
B. benzodiazepines
Rationale
Respiratory depression increases with the concurrent use of opioid analgesics and other central
nervous system depressant agents, such as alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines.
Antacids and antidiabetic agents do not interact with opiates to produce adverse effects.
Antihypertensives may cause morphine-induced hypotension, but should not be withheld
without notifying the healthcare provider.
The nurse is assessing the effectiveness of high dose aspirin therapy for an 88-year-old client
with arthritis. The client reports that she can't hear the nurse's questions because her ears
are ringing. What action should the nurse implement?
A. Refer the client to an audiologist for evaluation of her hearing.
B. Advise the client that this is a common side effect of aspirin therapy.
C. Notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately.
D. Ask the client to turn off her hearing aid during the exam
C. notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately
Rationale
Tinnitus is an early sign of salicylate toxicity. The healthcare provider should be notified
immediately, and the medication discontinued
2|Page
,A client asks the nurse if glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral insulin. Which response should the
nurse provide?
A. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and has the same actions and properties as intermediate insulin."
B. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and is distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the same manner
as insulin."
C. "No, it is not an oral insulin and can be used only when some beta cell function is present."
D. "No, it is not an oral insulin, but it is effective for those who are resistant to injectable
insulins."
C. "No, it is not an oral insulin and can be used only when some beta cell function is present."
Rationale
An effective oral form of insulin has not yet been developed because when insulin is taken
orally, it is destroyed by digestive enzymes. Glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral hypoglycemic agent
that enhances pancreatic production of insulin
In evaluating the effects of lactulose (Cephulac), which outcome would indicate that the drug
is performing as intended?
A. An increase in urine output.
B. Two or three soft stools per day.
C. Watery, diarrhea stools.
D. Increased serum bilirubin.
B. Two or three soft stools per day
3|Page
, Rationale
The medication lactulose can be administered for either chronic constipation or for portal-
systemic encephalopathy in clients with hepatic disease. Two to three stools a day indicate that
lactulose is performing as intended for chronic constipation. This would also indicate it should
be effective for the clients with encephalopathy because the lactulose's action prevents
absorption of ammonia in the colon as it increases water absorption and softens the stool. The
efficacy of the use for ammonia absorption would have to be verified by a serum ammonia level
and observation of clearing of the client's mental status
An antacid (Maalox) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease. The nurse knows that
the purpose of this medication is to
A. decrease production of gastric secretions.
B. produce an adherent barrier over the ulcer.
C. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above.
D. decrease gastric motor activity
C. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above.
Rationale
The objective of antacids is to neutralize gastric acids and keep pH of 3.5 or above which is
necessary for pepsinogen inactivity
A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing for possible myasthenia gravis. The
nurse prepares for intravenous administration of edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). What is
the expected outcome for this client following administration of this pharmacologic agent?
4|Page
