Combined Immunology HMX Study Guide Test Exam
Latest 2025/2026
Topics Covered
1. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
2. Antigens, Antibodies, and Immunoglobulin Structure
3. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
4. Immune Response Regulation
5. Cytokines and Cell Signaling
6. Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity
7. Vaccines and Immunotherapy
8. Immunodeficiency Diseases
9. Transplantation and Tumor Immunology
10. Laboratory Immunological Techniques
1|Page
,Combined Immunology HMX Study Guide Test Exam
Latest 2025/2026
1. Which of the following best describes innate immunity?
A. Specific and memory-based
B. Rapid and non-specific
C. Acquired and slow-acting
D. Dependent on antigen exposure
Answer: B
Explanation: Innate immunity provides the first line of defense and acts immediately without
prior exposure to pathogens.
2. The primary cells responsible for antibody production are:
A. T helper cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Macrophages
Answer: C
Explanation: Plasma cells are differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies specific to an
antigen.
3. The complement system is mainly activated by:
2|Page
,Combined Immunology HMX Study Guide Test Exam
Latest 2025/2026
A. Cytokines
B. Antigen-antibody complexes
C. Histamine
D. NK cells
Answer: B
Explanation: In the classical pathway, antigen-antibody complexes trigger complement
activation leading to cell lysis.
4. Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in serum?
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgG
D. IgE
Answer: C
Explanation: IgG makes up about 75% of total serum antibodies and provides long-term
immunity.
5. The process by which immune cells move toward chemical signals is called:
3|Page
, Combined Immunology HMX Study Guide Test Exam
Latest 2025/2026
A. Phagocytosis
B. Chemotaxis
C. Diapedesis
D. Opsonization
Answer: B
Explanation: Chemotaxis is the directional movement of cells like neutrophils toward infection
sites guided by cytokines.
6. MHC Class I molecules present antigens to:
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. B cells
D. NK cells
Answer: B
Explanation: MHC I presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, crucial for
killing infected cells.
7. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for fever induction?
4|Page
Latest 2025/2026
Topics Covered
1. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
2. Antigens, Antibodies, and Immunoglobulin Structure
3. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
4. Immune Response Regulation
5. Cytokines and Cell Signaling
6. Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity
7. Vaccines and Immunotherapy
8. Immunodeficiency Diseases
9. Transplantation and Tumor Immunology
10. Laboratory Immunological Techniques
1|Page
,Combined Immunology HMX Study Guide Test Exam
Latest 2025/2026
1. Which of the following best describes innate immunity?
A. Specific and memory-based
B. Rapid and non-specific
C. Acquired and slow-acting
D. Dependent on antigen exposure
Answer: B
Explanation: Innate immunity provides the first line of defense and acts immediately without
prior exposure to pathogens.
2. The primary cells responsible for antibody production are:
A. T helper cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Macrophages
Answer: C
Explanation: Plasma cells are differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies specific to an
antigen.
3. The complement system is mainly activated by:
2|Page
,Combined Immunology HMX Study Guide Test Exam
Latest 2025/2026
A. Cytokines
B. Antigen-antibody complexes
C. Histamine
D. NK cells
Answer: B
Explanation: In the classical pathway, antigen-antibody complexes trigger complement
activation leading to cell lysis.
4. Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in serum?
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgG
D. IgE
Answer: C
Explanation: IgG makes up about 75% of total serum antibodies and provides long-term
immunity.
5. The process by which immune cells move toward chemical signals is called:
3|Page
, Combined Immunology HMX Study Guide Test Exam
Latest 2025/2026
A. Phagocytosis
B. Chemotaxis
C. Diapedesis
D. Opsonization
Answer: B
Explanation: Chemotaxis is the directional movement of cells like neutrophils toward infection
sites guided by cytokines.
6. MHC Class I molecules present antigens to:
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. B cells
D. NK cells
Answer: B
Explanation: MHC I presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, crucial for
killing infected cells.
7. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for fever induction?
4|Page
