, Syllabus
Topic to be Covered
UNIT – I :
1. Introduction : History of C language, Features of C
2.Basic Elements & Operators • Character set, C Token, types Identifier & Keywords
Variables ,Constant and its types. Integer constant, floating point constant.
Character constant ,string constants.
Various Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Unary ,binary operators.
Increment & decrement Assignment Conditional operator. Precedence & Associativity
operators
3. Data Types • Data Types: int, char, float, double. Declaration & Initialization
• Type modifier: long, short, signed & unsigned.
UNIT – II : structure of C Program & I/O statements
Structure of C Program, Compilation & Execution of C program in Turbo c
I/O: Introduction, Formatted Input/Output function: scanf&printf,
Escape sequence characters
Control and Iterative Statements : Simple if, if else, nested if, , else if ladder
Looping statements:Whileand do-while loop, for loop purpose,Switch-
case statement
The conditional expression (? : operator)
UNIT – III :Arrays: •Introduction, Declaration and initialization Accessing array
elements, Memory representation of array.
Functions : Introduction , defining Functions, arguments, function prototype function
calling and returning value from function,Call by Value and call by reference ,Recursion
Pointers:Introduction,address and indirection operators,Declaration and Initialization of
pointers
Structure:Introduction,Declaration and Initialization of structure
Accessing structure members
Nested Structure
1
, UNIT – I
Introduction: History of C language
This strange sounding language is one of the most popular computer
languages today, because it is structured high level machine independent
language. It allows software developers to develop programs without worrying
about the hardware platform where they will be implemented.
C is a programming language developed at AT& T’S bell laboratories of USA
in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. C was evolved from ALGOL, BCPL and B. C uses
many concepts from these languages and added the concept of data types and
other power full feature.
C is popular structured programming language. It general purpose
programming language with many power full features such as pointer.
Because of its portability, it is used for developing software in many
applications. It is especially suitable for system programming. C is so popular
because it is reliable, simple and easy to use.
C programming language stands in between problem oriented language and
machine oriented language, which is why it is often called a Middle level
language. Since it was Design to have both: a relatively good programming
efficiency (as compared to Machine oriented language) and relatively good
machine efficiency (as compared to problem oriented language).
The history and development of C can be well illustrates by using following figure.
1960 ALGOL International
Group
1967 BCPL Martin Richards
1970 B Ken Thompson
Traditional
1972 Dennis Ritchie
C
1978 K&R C Kernighan &
1989
ANSI
1990 Committee
1999 ISO
Committee
2
, ANSI/ISO C
Standardization Committee C 99
3
Topic to be Covered
UNIT – I :
1. Introduction : History of C language, Features of C
2.Basic Elements & Operators • Character set, C Token, types Identifier & Keywords
Variables ,Constant and its types. Integer constant, floating point constant.
Character constant ,string constants.
Various Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Unary ,binary operators.
Increment & decrement Assignment Conditional operator. Precedence & Associativity
operators
3. Data Types • Data Types: int, char, float, double. Declaration & Initialization
• Type modifier: long, short, signed & unsigned.
UNIT – II : structure of C Program & I/O statements
Structure of C Program, Compilation & Execution of C program in Turbo c
I/O: Introduction, Formatted Input/Output function: scanf&printf,
Escape sequence characters
Control and Iterative Statements : Simple if, if else, nested if, , else if ladder
Looping statements:Whileand do-while loop, for loop purpose,Switch-
case statement
The conditional expression (? : operator)
UNIT – III :Arrays: •Introduction, Declaration and initialization Accessing array
elements, Memory representation of array.
Functions : Introduction , defining Functions, arguments, function prototype function
calling and returning value from function,Call by Value and call by reference ,Recursion
Pointers:Introduction,address and indirection operators,Declaration and Initialization of
pointers
Structure:Introduction,Declaration and Initialization of structure
Accessing structure members
Nested Structure
1
, UNIT – I
Introduction: History of C language
This strange sounding language is one of the most popular computer
languages today, because it is structured high level machine independent
language. It allows software developers to develop programs without worrying
about the hardware platform where they will be implemented.
C is a programming language developed at AT& T’S bell laboratories of USA
in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. C was evolved from ALGOL, BCPL and B. C uses
many concepts from these languages and added the concept of data types and
other power full feature.
C is popular structured programming language. It general purpose
programming language with many power full features such as pointer.
Because of its portability, it is used for developing software in many
applications. It is especially suitable for system programming. C is so popular
because it is reliable, simple and easy to use.
C programming language stands in between problem oriented language and
machine oriented language, which is why it is often called a Middle level
language. Since it was Design to have both: a relatively good programming
efficiency (as compared to Machine oriented language) and relatively good
machine efficiency (as compared to problem oriented language).
The history and development of C can be well illustrates by using following figure.
1960 ALGOL International
Group
1967 BCPL Martin Richards
1970 B Ken Thompson
Traditional
1972 Dennis Ritchie
C
1978 K&R C Kernighan &
1989
ANSI
1990 Committee
1999 ISO
Committee
2
, ANSI/ISO C
Standardization Committee C 99
3
