PHI-103-Exam 3: Topics 6-7 Test
Questions and All Actual Answers
2026 Edition.
What kind of ethic (normative or meta?) asks the question .... "What basic moral principles
determine what is "objectively" morally right or wrong? - Answer Normative Ethics
An example of a metaethical theory is - Answer Personal Subjectivism, Cultural Subjectivism
Personal Subjectivism (aka: ethical relativism) is the - Answer view that the individual has the
right to think what is right vs. wrong.
Cultural Subjectivism (aka: moral relativism) is the - Answer view that morality stems from
the culture the person lives in.
What were some of the problems with Personal Subjectivism? - Answer 1. Everyone has to
be "morally perfect", All moral choices have to be good/acceptable.
What were some of the problems with Cultural Subjectivism? - Answer Morals can differ
between different cultures; how can one culture's morals be better than another?
The moral theory (also, Greek term) that is about the question, "What kind of person should I
become - Answer Virtue-Based Ethics
1. One of the problems with _______ ___ is that a moral disagreement can never be a moral
disagreement (thus self-defeating) - Answer Personal Subjectivism
What is the study or aim of ethics? - Answer The study of right living
Which are some of the key features of Personal Subjectivism (ethical relativism - Answer
Everyone can create their own moral law
Which type of ethical relativism best describes this view: "What determines the validity of a
moral principle are individual choices/feelings"? - Answer Personal Subjectivism
, For ethical relativists, moral progress or regress is, by definition - Answer impossible
Which version of ethical relativism is characterized by the following?
· It provides little or no guidance to those who are members of multiple cultures
· It entails that all moral reformers (regarding your own or another culture) would be wrong to
do so.
· It confuses ethical norms with cultural mores. - Answer Cultural Subjectivism
The problem raised regarding the Divine Command Theory (Plato's Euthyphro Problem) -
Answer Is something commanded good because God wills it? Is something commanded
good because God discovers it?
Kant's Deontological Theory is also known as the - Answer Moral obligations are universally
binding and apply to all people. "You must do it."
The two versions of Utilitarianism were called - Answer Rule Utilitarianism and Act
Utilitarianism
One of the strengths of a deontology theory is that it guarantees - Answer moral absolutes
The ethics of ___________, usually associated with philosopher Immanuel Kant, holds the
position that principles of ethics are universal, absolute, and invariable, applying to everyone
and in all circumstances - Answer Deontologism
1. Which moral/ethical theory is characterized by the following?
· A person can never be treated merely as a means to an end.
· If something is wrong, then it is wrong in all circumstances, for every person.
· A right is something a person has regardless, and something which others have an absolute
obligation to honor and protect. - Answer Kant's Categorical Imperative
What potential difficulties arise in this ethical theory (Kant's Categorical Imperative) when trying
to apply it? - Answer ·Moral situations in real life sometimes involve conflicting moral
principles (e.g. being honest vs saving a life)
Questions and All Actual Answers
2026 Edition.
What kind of ethic (normative or meta?) asks the question .... "What basic moral principles
determine what is "objectively" morally right or wrong? - Answer Normative Ethics
An example of a metaethical theory is - Answer Personal Subjectivism, Cultural Subjectivism
Personal Subjectivism (aka: ethical relativism) is the - Answer view that the individual has the
right to think what is right vs. wrong.
Cultural Subjectivism (aka: moral relativism) is the - Answer view that morality stems from
the culture the person lives in.
What were some of the problems with Personal Subjectivism? - Answer 1. Everyone has to
be "morally perfect", All moral choices have to be good/acceptable.
What were some of the problems with Cultural Subjectivism? - Answer Morals can differ
between different cultures; how can one culture's morals be better than another?
The moral theory (also, Greek term) that is about the question, "What kind of person should I
become - Answer Virtue-Based Ethics
1. One of the problems with _______ ___ is that a moral disagreement can never be a moral
disagreement (thus self-defeating) - Answer Personal Subjectivism
What is the study or aim of ethics? - Answer The study of right living
Which are some of the key features of Personal Subjectivism (ethical relativism - Answer
Everyone can create their own moral law
Which type of ethical relativism best describes this view: "What determines the validity of a
moral principle are individual choices/feelings"? - Answer Personal Subjectivism
, For ethical relativists, moral progress or regress is, by definition - Answer impossible
Which version of ethical relativism is characterized by the following?
· It provides little or no guidance to those who are members of multiple cultures
· It entails that all moral reformers (regarding your own or another culture) would be wrong to
do so.
· It confuses ethical norms with cultural mores. - Answer Cultural Subjectivism
The problem raised regarding the Divine Command Theory (Plato's Euthyphro Problem) -
Answer Is something commanded good because God wills it? Is something commanded
good because God discovers it?
Kant's Deontological Theory is also known as the - Answer Moral obligations are universally
binding and apply to all people. "You must do it."
The two versions of Utilitarianism were called - Answer Rule Utilitarianism and Act
Utilitarianism
One of the strengths of a deontology theory is that it guarantees - Answer moral absolutes
The ethics of ___________, usually associated with philosopher Immanuel Kant, holds the
position that principles of ethics are universal, absolute, and invariable, applying to everyone
and in all circumstances - Answer Deontologism
1. Which moral/ethical theory is characterized by the following?
· A person can never be treated merely as a means to an end.
· If something is wrong, then it is wrong in all circumstances, for every person.
· A right is something a person has regardless, and something which others have an absolute
obligation to honor and protect. - Answer Kant's Categorical Imperative
What potential difficulties arise in this ethical theory (Kant's Categorical Imperative) when trying
to apply it? - Answer ·Moral situations in real life sometimes involve conflicting moral
principles (e.g. being honest vs saving a life)
