PHI-103 GCU Final Exam 3 Questions
and All Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Plato's view of ethics in terms of morality - Answer Being moral is inherently valuable
Meaning of Ethics - Answer Process of determining between right & wrong
-moral reasoning (theories, reflections, analysis)
-both an art & science
Meaning of Morality - Answer Actual content of right & wrong
-moral knowledge
-end result go ethical deliberation
4 Categories of Ethics - Answer (D.N.M.A)
1 Descriptive
2 Normative
3 Metaethics
4 Aretaic (virtue theory)
Descriptive Ethics - Answer Sociological discipline that attempts to describe the morals of a
particular society, often by studying other cultures
-Ex; anthropology
Normative Ethics - Answer (ought to be)
Discipline that produces moral norms or rules as its end product
-describes normal behavior for individuals and society
-the attempt to formulate systems of value and principles used distinguish between morally
correct/incorrect behavior
-identifying the universal principals of morality to which all persons ought to appeal to
guide/justify their behavior (an ideal code of morality)
ex; Universal norms in the OT 613 & NT 400
, -investigates the epistemology of ethics
-investigates the justification of ethical theories and judgments
Areatic (virtue ethics) - Answer Focuses on the virtues in individuals, not the morality of
specific acts
-Matters of virtue and character
4 Specific considerations involved in making moral judgments (S. Rae) - Answer 1. The action
itself
2.The motive of the person ('moral actor')
3. Consequences of the actions & decisions
4. Character of moral actor
Highest level classification of ethical systems - Answer 1 Action Oriented
2 Virtue Based
3 main subcategories under the 2 major levels of ethical systems - Answer 1. Deontological
2. Teleological
3. Relativism
Deontological - Answer ("what is due") Intrinsic rightness/wrongness of an act and our duty
to do that act
-based on principles in which actions are inherently right/wrong
Key facts:
1 Morality is objective
2 Morality in an act resides in the act itself
3 The intrinsic nature of each act determine moral rightness/wrongness
Teleological (Consequentialism) - Answer Consequences of an act & our duty to of the act
that brings about the greatest amount of good & the least amount of evil
-right & wrong is based on the end result produced by the action rather than any inherent
aspects
and All Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Plato's view of ethics in terms of morality - Answer Being moral is inherently valuable
Meaning of Ethics - Answer Process of determining between right & wrong
-moral reasoning (theories, reflections, analysis)
-both an art & science
Meaning of Morality - Answer Actual content of right & wrong
-moral knowledge
-end result go ethical deliberation
4 Categories of Ethics - Answer (D.N.M.A)
1 Descriptive
2 Normative
3 Metaethics
4 Aretaic (virtue theory)
Descriptive Ethics - Answer Sociological discipline that attempts to describe the morals of a
particular society, often by studying other cultures
-Ex; anthropology
Normative Ethics - Answer (ought to be)
Discipline that produces moral norms or rules as its end product
-describes normal behavior for individuals and society
-the attempt to formulate systems of value and principles used distinguish between morally
correct/incorrect behavior
-identifying the universal principals of morality to which all persons ought to appeal to
guide/justify their behavior (an ideal code of morality)
ex; Universal norms in the OT 613 & NT 400
, -investigates the epistemology of ethics
-investigates the justification of ethical theories and judgments
Areatic (virtue ethics) - Answer Focuses on the virtues in individuals, not the morality of
specific acts
-Matters of virtue and character
4 Specific considerations involved in making moral judgments (S. Rae) - Answer 1. The action
itself
2.The motive of the person ('moral actor')
3. Consequences of the actions & decisions
4. Character of moral actor
Highest level classification of ethical systems - Answer 1 Action Oriented
2 Virtue Based
3 main subcategories under the 2 major levels of ethical systems - Answer 1. Deontological
2. Teleological
3. Relativism
Deontological - Answer ("what is due") Intrinsic rightness/wrongness of an act and our duty
to do that act
-based on principles in which actions are inherently right/wrong
Key facts:
1 Morality is objective
2 Morality in an act resides in the act itself
3 The intrinsic nature of each act determine moral rightness/wrongness
Teleological (Consequentialism) - Answer Consequences of an act & our duty to of the act
that brings about the greatest amount of good & the least amount of evil
-right & wrong is based on the end result produced by the action rather than any inherent
aspects
