WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D236 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - ✔✔This condition is inherited in an
autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is
sufficient to cause the disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1
gene
✔✔Spina Bifida - ✔✔Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the most
important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
✔✔Bursitis - ✔✔Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads
(bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
✔✔Sprains and Strains - ✔✔A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament
while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the end of
muscles that connect muscles to bones) get stretched or pulled away from the bone.
✔✔Endometriosis - ✔✔# *Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and cramping
may begin before and extend several days into a menstrual period.
#Lower back and abdominal pain.
#Pain with intercourse. Pain during or after sex is common with endometriosis.
#Pain with bowel movements or urination. You're most likely to experience these
symptoms during a menstrual period.
#Excessive bleeding. You may experience occasional heavy menstrual periods or
bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
#Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first diagnosed in those seeking treatment for
infertility.
#Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual
periods.
✔✔Ulcerative colitis - ✔✔Ulcerative colitis is an *autoimmune disease of the large
intestine*, specifically the *colon and rectum*.
It affects the mucosal layer of the large intestine.
✔✔#Aortic stenosis/regurgitation
, #Mitral stenosis/regurgitation - ✔✔*Mitral valve stenosis* occurs when the mitral valve
in the heart narrows, restricting blood flow into the main pumping chamber. The mitral
valve may also leak, causing *blood to flow back through the valve each time the left
ventricle contracts*. This condition is called mitral valve regurgitation.
*Backflow of blood* is caused by failure of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly.
*Mitral valve regurgitation* is a condition in which the heart's mitral valve does not close
tightly, which allows *blood to flow backward in the heart*.
✔✔How could the provider distinguish ulcerative colitis from Crohn disease? -
✔✔*Ulcerative colitis only affects the large intestine*, while *Crohn's disease can affect
the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract*. While diarrhea can occur in both,
ulcerative colitis is more likely to present with blood in the stool.
A colonoscopy will show pseudopolyps for ulcerative colitis but will show a cobblestone
appearance for Crohn's disease.
✔✔Pancreatitis - ✔✔Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that causes pancreatic
insufficiency, malabsorption, and diabetes. Pancreatitis can be an acute or chronic
disorder.
With acute pancreatitis, there is a sudden, short-term episode of inflammation. With
chronic pancreatitis, the gland undergoes repeated episodes of inflammation and
gradual deterioration.
Acute pancreatitis can be caused by
#Gallstones
#Excessive alcohol consumption
#High blood triglycerides
#Abdominal injury,
#Certain medications and toxins.
✔✔Peritonsillar abscess - ✔✔A complication of tonsillitis in which the infection spreads
behind the tonsils.
A peritonsillar abscess occurs when a collection of pus forms and infection spreads
beyond the tonsils into the neck and chest. Swollen tissues can block the airway.
Symptoms include fever, difficulty swallowing, and severe throat pain. Antibiotics can
treat an early infection. Sometimes a collection of pus needs to be drained by a
procedure called incision and drainage.
✔✔Ulcers - ✔✔The constant acid irritation leads to ulceration of the gastrointestinal
cells, also termed peptic ulcer. The constant acid irritation leads to ulceration of the
gastrointestinal cells, also termed peptic ulcer.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - ✔✔This condition is inherited in an
autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is
sufficient to cause the disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1
gene
✔✔Spina Bifida - ✔✔Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the most
important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
✔✔Bursitis - ✔✔Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads
(bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
✔✔Sprains and Strains - ✔✔A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament
while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the end of
muscles that connect muscles to bones) get stretched or pulled away from the bone.
✔✔Endometriosis - ✔✔# *Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and cramping
may begin before and extend several days into a menstrual period.
#Lower back and abdominal pain.
#Pain with intercourse. Pain during or after sex is common with endometriosis.
#Pain with bowel movements or urination. You're most likely to experience these
symptoms during a menstrual period.
#Excessive bleeding. You may experience occasional heavy menstrual periods or
bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
#Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first diagnosed in those seeking treatment for
infertility.
#Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual
periods.
✔✔Ulcerative colitis - ✔✔Ulcerative colitis is an *autoimmune disease of the large
intestine*, specifically the *colon and rectum*.
It affects the mucosal layer of the large intestine.
✔✔#Aortic stenosis/regurgitation
, #Mitral stenosis/regurgitation - ✔✔*Mitral valve stenosis* occurs when the mitral valve
in the heart narrows, restricting blood flow into the main pumping chamber. The mitral
valve may also leak, causing *blood to flow back through the valve each time the left
ventricle contracts*. This condition is called mitral valve regurgitation.
*Backflow of blood* is caused by failure of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly.
*Mitral valve regurgitation* is a condition in which the heart's mitral valve does not close
tightly, which allows *blood to flow backward in the heart*.
✔✔How could the provider distinguish ulcerative colitis from Crohn disease? -
✔✔*Ulcerative colitis only affects the large intestine*, while *Crohn's disease can affect
the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract*. While diarrhea can occur in both,
ulcerative colitis is more likely to present with blood in the stool.
A colonoscopy will show pseudopolyps for ulcerative colitis but will show a cobblestone
appearance for Crohn's disease.
✔✔Pancreatitis - ✔✔Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that causes pancreatic
insufficiency, malabsorption, and diabetes. Pancreatitis can be an acute or chronic
disorder.
With acute pancreatitis, there is a sudden, short-term episode of inflammation. With
chronic pancreatitis, the gland undergoes repeated episodes of inflammation and
gradual deterioration.
Acute pancreatitis can be caused by
#Gallstones
#Excessive alcohol consumption
#High blood triglycerides
#Abdominal injury,
#Certain medications and toxins.
✔✔Peritonsillar abscess - ✔✔A complication of tonsillitis in which the infection spreads
behind the tonsils.
A peritonsillar abscess occurs when a collection of pus forms and infection spreads
beyond the tonsils into the neck and chest. Swollen tissues can block the airway.
Symptoms include fever, difficulty swallowing, and severe throat pain. Antibiotics can
treat an early infection. Sometimes a collection of pus needs to be drained by a
procedure called incision and drainage.
✔✔Ulcers - ✔✔The constant acid irritation leads to ulceration of the gastrointestinal
cells, also termed peptic ulcer. The constant acid irritation leads to ulceration of the
gastrointestinal cells, also termed peptic ulcer.
