1
Certified Diabetes Educator Exam 2 Questions with
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Answer: A protein that appears to be the
best immunologic predictor for the future development of Type 1 DM
Latent Auto-Immune Diabetes of Adults Answer: Slow progressive form
of T1DM frequently mistaken for T2DM. May do without insulin
dependency for many years, even though they have auto-immune
beta-cell deterioration as Type 1's
Adipocyte Answer: A fat cell that serves as primary storage for excess
calories. source of many hormones and cytokines important in
controlling appetite, weight, inflammation and intermediary
metabolism
Blood Urea Nitrogen Answer: Blood level of urea. Byproduct of protein
metabolism. Normal Plasma value 8-20. Level rises as kidneys
deteriorate.
Creatinine Answer: Nitrogen formed mainly from metabolism of
muscle. Normal plasma value: 0.5-1.4 mg/dl. Varies with geneder: males
© 2025 All rights reserved
,2
have higher levels. Rises as kidney function decreases but eventually
will stabilize even while kidneys go on to fail.
Ketosis Answer: ketones produced during DKA, one of these
(acetoacetate) converts to acetone and is excreted by the lungs. Fruit
smell can be detected on the breath.
Acidosis Answer: Very deep and sometimes rapid breathing unrelated
to exertion or the inability to "catch" one's breath is symptom call
"Kussmauls Respirations" (hyperventilation)
DKA Answer: occurs when there is so little insulin available to transport
glucose into cells that it accumulates in the blood, raising levels to 250
mg/dL or higher (mean 475 mg/dL). Can evolve quickly (within 24
hours) causing dehydration, ketosis, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis.
DKA Electrolyte imbalance Answer: Na, K, PO4
Sodium DKA Electrolyte Imbalances Answer: dehydration caues
profound loss of total body sodium that cannot be measured
K DKA imbalance Answer: total body depletion of K alwasy w/ DKA, but
lab values can be iffy. K may be low before therapy or fall as it enters
© 2025 All rights reserved
,3
cells (glucose and fluid reducing serum concentration check renal
function prior to k replacement
Phos DKA imbalance Answer: usually high or high/normal than
decreases
DKA therapy Providing Glucose Answer: When glucose lowers to 250
mg/dL, 5-10% dextrose is added to IV solution. Starvation perpetuates
ketosis. Also sudden drops in glucose can be associated with cerebral
edema
Glycogen Answer: a complex carbohydrate that serves as the primary
storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle.
Gluconeogenesis Answer: process of glucose production in the liver
from precursors, such as lactate and amino acids
hormones and factors influencing fuel metabolism ** Answer: Peptide
YY reduces food intake via receptors in brain. Endocannabinoid system
physiological regulation of energy balance, food intake lipid and
glucose metabolism. Overactivation=obesity.
Incretin hormones Answer: Incretin hormones (intestinal); GIP; GLP
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4
GIP Answer: glucoxe dependant insulin releasing polypeptide;Make
beta-cells more sensitive to higher BS: Incretin Hormone
GLP Answer: Glucagon like peptide. Make beta-cells more sensitive to
higher BS; incretin hormones
glucagon Answer: Hormone produced by the alpha cells of islets of
Langerhans and a counterregulatory hormone to insulin. Glucagon
release results in an increase in circulating glucose level by stimulating
gluconeogenesis.
Amylin Answer: Secreted by beta-cells and insulin in response to
nutrient stimuli. In post prandial period, may mediate part of its effects
by slowing of gastric empyting and by suppressing glucagon secretion,
thus lowering hepatic glucose production.
Amylin Hormone Answer: Amylin is secreted in response to nutrient
stimuli. Lowers postprandial glucose release, regulates gastric
emptying, may suppress appetite
HHS Answer: Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State. High BS and
dehydration exacerbate each other until it becomes extreme. BS can
© 2025 All rights reserved
Certified Diabetes Educator Exam 2 Questions with
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Answer: A protein that appears to be the
best immunologic predictor for the future development of Type 1 DM
Latent Auto-Immune Diabetes of Adults Answer: Slow progressive form
of T1DM frequently mistaken for T2DM. May do without insulin
dependency for many years, even though they have auto-immune
beta-cell deterioration as Type 1's
Adipocyte Answer: A fat cell that serves as primary storage for excess
calories. source of many hormones and cytokines important in
controlling appetite, weight, inflammation and intermediary
metabolism
Blood Urea Nitrogen Answer: Blood level of urea. Byproduct of protein
metabolism. Normal Plasma value 8-20. Level rises as kidneys
deteriorate.
Creatinine Answer: Nitrogen formed mainly from metabolism of
muscle. Normal plasma value: 0.5-1.4 mg/dl. Varies with geneder: males
© 2025 All rights reserved
,2
have higher levels. Rises as kidney function decreases but eventually
will stabilize even while kidneys go on to fail.
Ketosis Answer: ketones produced during DKA, one of these
(acetoacetate) converts to acetone and is excreted by the lungs. Fruit
smell can be detected on the breath.
Acidosis Answer: Very deep and sometimes rapid breathing unrelated
to exertion or the inability to "catch" one's breath is symptom call
"Kussmauls Respirations" (hyperventilation)
DKA Answer: occurs when there is so little insulin available to transport
glucose into cells that it accumulates in the blood, raising levels to 250
mg/dL or higher (mean 475 mg/dL). Can evolve quickly (within 24
hours) causing dehydration, ketosis, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis.
DKA Electrolyte imbalance Answer: Na, K, PO4
Sodium DKA Electrolyte Imbalances Answer: dehydration caues
profound loss of total body sodium that cannot be measured
K DKA imbalance Answer: total body depletion of K alwasy w/ DKA, but
lab values can be iffy. K may be low before therapy or fall as it enters
© 2025 All rights reserved
,3
cells (glucose and fluid reducing serum concentration check renal
function prior to k replacement
Phos DKA imbalance Answer: usually high or high/normal than
decreases
DKA therapy Providing Glucose Answer: When glucose lowers to 250
mg/dL, 5-10% dextrose is added to IV solution. Starvation perpetuates
ketosis. Also sudden drops in glucose can be associated with cerebral
edema
Glycogen Answer: a complex carbohydrate that serves as the primary
storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle.
Gluconeogenesis Answer: process of glucose production in the liver
from precursors, such as lactate and amino acids
hormones and factors influencing fuel metabolism ** Answer: Peptide
YY reduces food intake via receptors in brain. Endocannabinoid system
physiological regulation of energy balance, food intake lipid and
glucose metabolism. Overactivation=obesity.
Incretin hormones Answer: Incretin hormones (intestinal); GIP; GLP
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4
GIP Answer: glucoxe dependant insulin releasing polypeptide;Make
beta-cells more sensitive to higher BS: Incretin Hormone
GLP Answer: Glucagon like peptide. Make beta-cells more sensitive to
higher BS; incretin hormones
glucagon Answer: Hormone produced by the alpha cells of islets of
Langerhans and a counterregulatory hormone to insulin. Glucagon
release results in an increase in circulating glucose level by stimulating
gluconeogenesis.
Amylin Answer: Secreted by beta-cells and insulin in response to
nutrient stimuli. In post prandial period, may mediate part of its effects
by slowing of gastric empyting and by suppressing glucagon secretion,
thus lowering hepatic glucose production.
Amylin Hormone Answer: Amylin is secreted in response to nutrient
stimuli. Lowers postprandial glucose release, regulates gastric
emptying, may suppress appetite
HHS Answer: Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State. High BS and
dehydration exacerbate each other until it becomes extreme. BS can
© 2025 All rights reserved
