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Report on 220kV substation

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Title: Electrical Substation Engineering – 220 kV Substation Technical Report, Electrical Engineering Training, Academic Year (Practical Training Report) Description: This technical report provides a comprehensive overview of the design, components, and operation of a 220 kV electrical substation, based on practical industrial training. It covers key equipment such as power and instrument transformers, circuit breakers, bus-bar arrangements, protection relays, capacitor banks, batteries, and power line communication systems, with detailed explanations supported by diagrams. The document is suitable for electrical engineering students and trainees, as it aligns with substation engineering coursework and offers practical insights gained during a six-month training program. Keywords: 220kV substation electrical substation power transformer instrument transformer single line diagram circuit breaker isolator bus bar arrangement lightning arrester capacitor bank battery room protection relays Buchholz relay current transformer potential transformer power line communication trivector energy meter substation equipment electrical engineering training

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ABSTRACT

This sub-station is situated on Ferozepur Road, opposite to verka milk plant Ludhiana.It has 5
power transformers.Two of 220/66kV 160MVA and three of 66/11kV 20MVA and which controls
66kV and 11kV supply [figure 2.1]
The Incoming supply of 220 kV is received from 220 kV Lalton Kalan, 220 kV Ladowal. This
substation supplies 11 kV to various localities Area of Ludhiana. It also controls or supplies
66kV to South city, Hambran, Habowal-1, Habowal-2, PAU Fountain Chowk, Sarabha Nagar DC
Complex, Model Town, Dugri ckt and 11kV supplies to FMI, country home, Gurdev hospital,SBS
nagar, Aarti, Gurdev nagar, Sanchar colony, Bharat nagar, Milk plant, GADVASU, Aggar nagar,
Vishal tower, CFC school, Sunet, T.P school, Model gram, BRS nagar, Colony, Pakhowal Road.




5

, CONTENTS



1 INTRODUCTION 11

2 Single Line Diagram 13
2.1 INSTRUMENTS USE IN 220kV SUB-STATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3 Transformer 15
3.1 Types Of Transformer: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2 Power Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.3 Instrument Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3.1 Current Transformers: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3.2 Potential Transformer: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4 PARTS Of TRANSFORMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.1 Conservator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.2 Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.3 Breather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.4 Magnetic Oil Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.4.5 Buchholz Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.4.6 Radiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.4.7 Winding temperature Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.4.8 Cooling Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.4.9 ON LOAD TAP CHANGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4 Isolator 23

5 Circuit Breaker 24
5.1 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24


6

, 5.2 Types of Circuit Breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2.1 Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2.2 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2.3 Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2.4 Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.2.5 SF6 Circuit Breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6 Lightning Arrestor 27

7 BUS-BAR 29
7.1 Various Arrangements of Bus-Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.1.1 Single Bus-Bar Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.1.2 Single Bus-Bar System with Sectionalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7.1.3 Double Bus-Bar Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8 Electrical Insulator 31
8.0.1 Properties of Insulating Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

9 Capacitor Bank 33

10 Battery Room 34
10.1 Hydrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
10.2 Charging Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

11 Relay’s 39
11.1 Buchholz Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11.2 PRV Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11.3 OC Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11.4 Differential Protection Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.5 Earth Fault Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.6 Distance Protection Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11.7 Restricted Earth Fault Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11.8 LBB Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41



7

, 11.9 Overflux Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11.10Trip Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11.10.1 Trip circuit supervision relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11.10.2 Master trip relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

12 Trivector Energy Meter 44

13 Power Line Communication 45
13.1 Direct Current Distribution Box: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45




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