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Sociology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the study of human behavior in society
JANE ADDAMS (1860-1935) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔As founder of Hull House,
her books and articles were widely used by the "Chicago School" to
establish Urban Sociology. She received the Nobel Prize in 1931.
AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The founder of
Sociology in the West that coined the term "Sociology." He felt the scientific
method should be applied to the study of society (POSITIVISM) and that
,society was made up of forces of stability (SOCIAL STATICS) and forces of
change (SOCIAL DYNAMICS).
CHARLES HORTON COOLEY (1864-1929) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔As co-
founder of Symbolic Interaction, he argued that the Self is formed through a
lifelong process of interpretation of other's reactions to our self-concept
(LOOKING-GLASS SELF).
EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In his research on
suicide, he argued that society is held together by SOCIAL INTEGRATION.
Those with weak social ties experience ANOMIE, or normlessness.
HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The Founder of
Modern Sociology, she published "Theory and Practice of Society in
America," in 1837. She is most often remembered for her translations of
Comte from French into English.
KARL MARX (1818-1883) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔His works are the basis for
CONFLICT THEORY. He argued that CLASS CONFLICT between the
Bourgeoisie (Owners) and the Proletariat (Workers) is the source of all
social change, and that the ideology of society (its belief system and
thought) is the product of the age and place of its occurrence.
, GEORGE HERBERT MEAD (1863-1931) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔As a co-founder
of Symbolic Interaction, he saw ROLE-TAKING as crucial to the
development of Self in children. In a similar approach to FREUD, he
defined the "I" and "ME" as unsocialized and socialized parts of the Self.
MAX WEBER (1864-1920) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In "The Protestant Ethic and
the Spirit of Capitalism," he argued that religion gave rise to Capitalism, not
class conflict, as argued by Marx. He believed that the process of gathering
data must be value-free and as scientific as possible. Replication of
research is important.
W.E.B. DU BOIS (1868-1963) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔As the first African-
American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, he founded the Department of
Sociology at Atlanta University, and was a founding member of the
NAACP. From 1896 to 1914, he published a yearly book on race relations
IBN KHALDUN (1332-1406) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Wrote "The Science of
Civilization" that predated Comte and Sociology by 500 Years. His ideas
predated Durkheim on Social Cohesion by 550 years and Mills' insight into
Sociology as the intersection of the individual, society, and history by 600
years.
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