WGU D467 EXPLORING DATA EXAM FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Data collection considerations - ANSWER-1. Select the right data type 2. Determine the time
frame for data collection 3. How the data will be collected 4. How much data to collect 5.
Choose data sources 6. Decide what data to use
Population - ANSWER-All possible data values in a certain dataset
Sample - ANSWER-A part of the population that is representative of the population
First-party data - ANSWER-Data collected by an individual or group using their own resources
Second-party data - ANSWER-Data collected by a group directly from its audience and then sold
Third-party data - ANSWER-Data collected from outside sources who did not collect it directly
Internal data (Primary data) - ANSWER-Collected by a researcher from first-hand sources
External data (Secondary data) - ANSWER-Gathered by other people or from other research
Quantitative data - ANSWER-Can be measured and counted using numbers (quantity, amount,
range)
Qualitative data - ANSWER-Cannot be counted, measured or easily expressed in numbers
(names, categories, descriptions)
Discrete data - ANSWER-Data that is counted and has a limited number of values
Continuous data - ANSWER-Data that is measured and can have any numeric value
Nominal data - ANSWER-A type of qualitative data that is categorized without a set order
Ordinal data - ANSWER-A type of qualitative data with a set order or scale
Structured data - ANSWER-Data organized in a certain format such as rows and columns
Unstructured data - ANSWER-Data that is not organized in an easily identifiable manner
Data model - ANSWER-A model that is used for organizing data elements and how they relate to
one another
Data elements - ANSWER-Pieces of information, such as people's names, account numbers, and
addresses
Data modeling - ANSWER-The process of creating diagrams that visually represent how data is
organized and structured
, Levels of data modeling - ANSWER-1. Conceptual modeling 2. Logical data modeling 3. Physical
data modeling
Physical data model - ANSWER-Defines all entities and attributes used.
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) - ANSWER-Visual way to understand the relationship between
entities in the data model.
Unified Modeling Language (UML) - ANSWER-Detailed diagrams that describe the structure of a
system by showing the system's entities, attributes, operations, and their relationships.
Data type - ANSWER-A specific kind of data attribute that tells what kind of value that is.
Text or string - ANSWER-A sequence of characters and punctuation that contains textual
information.
Boolean - ANSWER-Data type with only two possible values: true or false.
Operator - ANSWER-A symbol that names the operation or calculation to be performed.
AND operator - ANSWER-Lets you stack both of your conditions.
OR operator - ANSWER-Lets you move forward if either one of your two conditions is met.
NOT operator - ANSWER-Lets you filter by subtracting specific conditions from the results.
Row - ANSWER-Record.
Column - ANSWER-Field.
Wide data - ANSWER-Data where each row contains multiple data points for the particular
items identified in the columns.
Long data - ANSWER-Data where each row contains a single data point for a particular item.
Data transformation - ANSWER-The process of changing the data's format, structure, or values.
Data organization - ANSWER-Better organized data is easier to use.
Data compatibility - ANSWER-Different applications or systems can then use the same data.
Data migration - ANSWER-Data with matching formats can be moved from one system to
another.
Data merging - ANSWER-Data with the same organization can be merged together.
Data enhancement - ANSWER-Data can be displayed with more detailed fields.
Data comparison - ANSWER-Apples-to-apples comparisons of the data can then be made.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Data collection considerations - ANSWER-1. Select the right data type 2. Determine the time
frame for data collection 3. How the data will be collected 4. How much data to collect 5.
Choose data sources 6. Decide what data to use
Population - ANSWER-All possible data values in a certain dataset
Sample - ANSWER-A part of the population that is representative of the population
First-party data - ANSWER-Data collected by an individual or group using their own resources
Second-party data - ANSWER-Data collected by a group directly from its audience and then sold
Third-party data - ANSWER-Data collected from outside sources who did not collect it directly
Internal data (Primary data) - ANSWER-Collected by a researcher from first-hand sources
External data (Secondary data) - ANSWER-Gathered by other people or from other research
Quantitative data - ANSWER-Can be measured and counted using numbers (quantity, amount,
range)
Qualitative data - ANSWER-Cannot be counted, measured or easily expressed in numbers
(names, categories, descriptions)
Discrete data - ANSWER-Data that is counted and has a limited number of values
Continuous data - ANSWER-Data that is measured and can have any numeric value
Nominal data - ANSWER-A type of qualitative data that is categorized without a set order
Ordinal data - ANSWER-A type of qualitative data with a set order or scale
Structured data - ANSWER-Data organized in a certain format such as rows and columns
Unstructured data - ANSWER-Data that is not organized in an easily identifiable manner
Data model - ANSWER-A model that is used for organizing data elements and how they relate to
one another
Data elements - ANSWER-Pieces of information, such as people's names, account numbers, and
addresses
Data modeling - ANSWER-The process of creating diagrams that visually represent how data is
organized and structured
, Levels of data modeling - ANSWER-1. Conceptual modeling 2. Logical data modeling 3. Physical
data modeling
Physical data model - ANSWER-Defines all entities and attributes used.
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) - ANSWER-Visual way to understand the relationship between
entities in the data model.
Unified Modeling Language (UML) - ANSWER-Detailed diagrams that describe the structure of a
system by showing the system's entities, attributes, operations, and their relationships.
Data type - ANSWER-A specific kind of data attribute that tells what kind of value that is.
Text or string - ANSWER-A sequence of characters and punctuation that contains textual
information.
Boolean - ANSWER-Data type with only two possible values: true or false.
Operator - ANSWER-A symbol that names the operation or calculation to be performed.
AND operator - ANSWER-Lets you stack both of your conditions.
OR operator - ANSWER-Lets you move forward if either one of your two conditions is met.
NOT operator - ANSWER-Lets you filter by subtracting specific conditions from the results.
Row - ANSWER-Record.
Column - ANSWER-Field.
Wide data - ANSWER-Data where each row contains multiple data points for the particular
items identified in the columns.
Long data - ANSWER-Data where each row contains a single data point for a particular item.
Data transformation - ANSWER-The process of changing the data's format, structure, or values.
Data organization - ANSWER-Better organized data is easier to use.
Data compatibility - ANSWER-Different applications or systems can then use the same data.
Data migration - ANSWER-Data with matching formats can be moved from one system to
another.
Data merging - ANSWER-Data with the same organization can be merged together.
Data enhancement - ANSWER-Data can be displayed with more detailed fields.
Data comparison - ANSWER-Apples-to-apples comparisons of the data can then be made.
