NURSING 212 EXAM 3 REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is type 1 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Autoimmune, antibodies destroy b cells that make insulin
resulting in NO
insulin production, body systems (pancreas).
What is type 2 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅90-95% of all DM cases, mainly lifestyle/environmental
(obesity, older, fam
hx, etc.), combination of inadequate insulin secretion & insulin resistance, can take oral
diabetic medications unlike type 1 diabetics, body systems (pancreas, liver, adipose
tissue, muscle).
What is type 3 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Similar to type 2, occurs during pregnancy & cured after
childbirth, risk of type
2 development later in life, usually occurs at 24 to 28wks gestation.
What is prediabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Prediabetes - Prediabetes is people who are at an
increasing risk of developing type 2
DM, defined by IGT (impaired glucose testing) or IFG (impaired fasting glucose)
Conditions that can cause DM are as follows:
- hyperthyroidism
-pancreatitis (reoccurring) -cystic fibrosis
-corticosteroid use
-Cushing syndrome
Dx studies needed for DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-A1C of 6.5% or higher
-fasting plasma glucose of 126 or greater
-2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater, (patients w/ classic signs such as 3 P's,
weight loss, hyperglycemic crisis, will need a random plasma glucose of 200 or greater)
, if those symptoms are not present retesting is necessary to verify.
What is DKA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Profound deficiency of insulin, hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis,
dehydration, & usually occurs in type 1 diabetics, but can occur in type 2s when they are ill or under
stress!
What is HHS? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Occurs in type 2 diabetics who ARE able to create enough insulin
w/out entering DKA, but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia (600 or greater), osmotic dieresis,
& extracellular fluid depletion. Common causes are infections, acute illness, & inadequate fluid intake.
S/S of hypoglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅blood sugar <70, (cold, clammy skin), shakiness,
palpitations, nervousness, diaphoresis, anxiety, hunger, pallor, changes in LOC, seizures, coma, & death.
What do we give for a hypoglycemic crisis? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The first line is dextrose D50% 20mL
to 50mL IV push, the next line would be glucagon 1mg IM, and finally glucagon 1mg SubQ.
S/S of hyperglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅blood glucose >100, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Reasons for a hyperglycemia episode? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Uncontrolled diabetes, illness, injury,
stress, high levels of corticosteroids, too much food, too little/too much of diabetic medications
including insulin, activity, poor insulin absorption.
Diabetic Complications: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅blindness, organ failure, nerve damage, tissue death
(necrosis/gangrene), wound healing, cancer, and death.
Macrovascular complications? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅stroke, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonopathy,
impaired wound healing
Microvascular complications? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Insulin: Rapid Acting - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Onset: 10-30min
Peak: 30min-1hr
ANSWERS
What is type 1 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Autoimmune, antibodies destroy b cells that make insulin
resulting in NO
insulin production, body systems (pancreas).
What is type 2 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅90-95% of all DM cases, mainly lifestyle/environmental
(obesity, older, fam
hx, etc.), combination of inadequate insulin secretion & insulin resistance, can take oral
diabetic medications unlike type 1 diabetics, body systems (pancreas, liver, adipose
tissue, muscle).
What is type 3 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Similar to type 2, occurs during pregnancy & cured after
childbirth, risk of type
2 development later in life, usually occurs at 24 to 28wks gestation.
What is prediabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Prediabetes - Prediabetes is people who are at an
increasing risk of developing type 2
DM, defined by IGT (impaired glucose testing) or IFG (impaired fasting glucose)
Conditions that can cause DM are as follows:
- hyperthyroidism
-pancreatitis (reoccurring) -cystic fibrosis
-corticosteroid use
-Cushing syndrome
Dx studies needed for DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-A1C of 6.5% or higher
-fasting plasma glucose of 126 or greater
-2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater, (patients w/ classic signs such as 3 P's,
weight loss, hyperglycemic crisis, will need a random plasma glucose of 200 or greater)
, if those symptoms are not present retesting is necessary to verify.
What is DKA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Profound deficiency of insulin, hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis,
dehydration, & usually occurs in type 1 diabetics, but can occur in type 2s when they are ill or under
stress!
What is HHS? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Occurs in type 2 diabetics who ARE able to create enough insulin
w/out entering DKA, but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia (600 or greater), osmotic dieresis,
& extracellular fluid depletion. Common causes are infections, acute illness, & inadequate fluid intake.
S/S of hypoglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅blood sugar <70, (cold, clammy skin), shakiness,
palpitations, nervousness, diaphoresis, anxiety, hunger, pallor, changes in LOC, seizures, coma, & death.
What do we give for a hypoglycemic crisis? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The first line is dextrose D50% 20mL
to 50mL IV push, the next line would be glucagon 1mg IM, and finally glucagon 1mg SubQ.
S/S of hyperglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅blood glucose >100, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Reasons for a hyperglycemia episode? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Uncontrolled diabetes, illness, injury,
stress, high levels of corticosteroids, too much food, too little/too much of diabetic medications
including insulin, activity, poor insulin absorption.
Diabetic Complications: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅blindness, organ failure, nerve damage, tissue death
(necrosis/gangrene), wound healing, cancer, and death.
Macrovascular complications? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅stroke, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonopathy,
impaired wound healing
Microvascular complications? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Insulin: Rapid Acting - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Onset: 10-30min
Peak: 30min-1hr
