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WGU D115 – Advanced Pathophysiology Practice Exam EXAM 2026 |
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES AND A READINESS PRACTICE EXAM WITH A STUDY
GUIDE RATED A GRADE.
WGU D115 – Advanced Pathophysiology
Practice Exam
1. Cellular adaptation that involves an increase in cell size is called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size; hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
2. A reversible change where one adult cell type is replaced by another is:
A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Atrophy
Answer: A
3. Cellular injury from lack of oxygen is called:
A. Hypoxia
B. Ischemia
C. Anoxia
D. Necrosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia is decreased blood flow, causing hypoxia; anoxia is complete oxygen
deprivation.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
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4. The type of necrosis seen in myocardial infarction is:
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
Answer: A
5. Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in:
A. Brain infarcts
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Tuberculosis lesions
D. Breast tissue
Answer: A
6. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because:
A. It is programmed, orderly cell death without inflammation
B. It causes inflammation
C. It always follows ischemia
D. It occurs in all trauma
Answer: A
7. Inflammation is initiated by:
A. Tissue injury or infection
B. Hormonal imbalance
C. Nutrient deficiency
D. Genetic mutations
Answer: A
8. Acute inflammation is characterized by:
A. Rapid onset, neutrophil predominance, localized redness and swelling
B. Slow onset, lymphocyte predominance
C. Chronic fibrosis
D. No cellular infiltration
Answer: A
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 3|Page
9. The primary cell in chronic inflammation is:
A. Macrophage
B. Neutrophil
C. Eosinophil
D. Basophil
Answer: A
10. Systemic manifestations of inflammation include:
A. Fever, leukocytosis, malaise
B. Only pain
C. Only redness
D. None
Answer: A
INFECTIOUS DISEASE & IMMUNITY (11–20)
11. Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by:
A. Thick peptidoglycan wall, retain crystal violet stain
B. Thin wall, do not retain stain
C. Presence of endotoxins
D. Spore formation only
Answer: A
12. Endotoxins are primarily produced by:
A. Gram-negative bacteria
B. Gram-positive bacteria
C. Viruses
D. Fungi
Answer: A
13. The incubation period of infection refers to:
A. Time between exposure and symptom onset
B. Time between symptoms and recovery
C. Time after hospitalization
D. Time before exposure
Answer: A
2026 2027 GRADED A+
WGU D115 – Advanced Pathophysiology Practice Exam EXAM 2026 |
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES AND A READINESS PRACTICE EXAM WITH A STUDY
GUIDE RATED A GRADE.
WGU D115 – Advanced Pathophysiology
Practice Exam
1. Cellular adaptation that involves an increase in cell size is called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size; hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
2. A reversible change where one adult cell type is replaced by another is:
A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Atrophy
Answer: A
3. Cellular injury from lack of oxygen is called:
A. Hypoxia
B. Ischemia
C. Anoxia
D. Necrosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia is decreased blood flow, causing hypoxia; anoxia is complete oxygen
deprivation.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,2|Page
4. The type of necrosis seen in myocardial infarction is:
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
Answer: A
5. Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in:
A. Brain infarcts
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Tuberculosis lesions
D. Breast tissue
Answer: A
6. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because:
A. It is programmed, orderly cell death without inflammation
B. It causes inflammation
C. It always follows ischemia
D. It occurs in all trauma
Answer: A
7. Inflammation is initiated by:
A. Tissue injury or infection
B. Hormonal imbalance
C. Nutrient deficiency
D. Genetic mutations
Answer: A
8. Acute inflammation is characterized by:
A. Rapid onset, neutrophil predominance, localized redness and swelling
B. Slow onset, lymphocyte predominance
C. Chronic fibrosis
D. No cellular infiltration
Answer: A
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 3|Page
9. The primary cell in chronic inflammation is:
A. Macrophage
B. Neutrophil
C. Eosinophil
D. Basophil
Answer: A
10. Systemic manifestations of inflammation include:
A. Fever, leukocytosis, malaise
B. Only pain
C. Only redness
D. None
Answer: A
INFECTIOUS DISEASE & IMMUNITY (11–20)
11. Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by:
A. Thick peptidoglycan wall, retain crystal violet stain
B. Thin wall, do not retain stain
C. Presence of endotoxins
D. Spore formation only
Answer: A
12. Endotoxins are primarily produced by:
A. Gram-negative bacteria
B. Gram-positive bacteria
C. Viruses
D. Fungi
Answer: A
13. The incubation period of infection refers to:
A. Time between exposure and symptom onset
B. Time between symptoms and recovery
C. Time after hospitalization
D. Time before exposure
Answer: A
2026 2027 GRADED A+
