NURS 354 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔what is the first stage of PD? - ✔✔tremors on one side of the body. symptoms don't
affect everyday activities
✔✔What is the second stage of PD? - ✔✔walking and eating gets more difficult
-body becomes rigid on both sides
✔✔what is the third stage of PD? - ✔✔falling is common
-a stick is needed to get around
-help is required to shower, dress, and eat
✔✔what is the fourth stage of PD? - ✔✔-a walker is required to get around and
additional assistance
-movement become slow
-delayed reaction times
-significant help needed and unable to live alone
✔✔What is the fifth stage of PD? - ✔✔-need a wheelchair or is bedridden
-severe leg stiffness
-around the clock assistance and help
-dementia may occur (over 75% of the time)
✔✔What is ropinirole used for? - ✔✔Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome
✔✔What is pramipexol used for? - ✔✔Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist that works on
the nervous system to help treat the symptoms of Parkinson disease. Pramipexole is
also used to treat Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).
✔✔What is carbidopa-levodopa used for? - ✔✔treats the symptoms of Parkinson
disease. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine in your brain, a substance
which helps manage body movements and coordination. This reduces the symptoms of
Parkinson, such as body stiffness and tremors.
✔✔What is a stereotactic pallidotomy? - ✔✔Surgery for Parkinson's. Implanted
pacemaker-like neuro simulator. Reduce tremors and the rigidity, burr hole for rod
implant (blocks ACH signals)
✔✔What is multiple sclerosis? - ✔✔-chronic disease characterized by myelination
-affects myelin and nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord
✔✔What are the types of MS? - ✔✔-clinically isolated syndrome
-relapsing remitting
-primary progressive
, -secondary progressive
✔✔What is clinically isolated syndrome? - ✔✔A first clinical presentation for which the
criteria of dissemination in time has not been met to diagnose MS
(Like a 1st step of MS)
✔✔What is relapsing-remitting MS? - ✔✔unpredictable attacks which may or may not
leave permanent deficits followed by periods of remission
✔✔What is primary progressive MS? - ✔✔A gradual decline with no periods of
remission
✔✔What is secondary progressive MS? - ✔✔Starts as relapsing-remitting and changes
to Primary Progressive
(Most Common)
✔✔What are causes of MS? - ✔✔-autoimmune
-unknown
-colder climates
-ages 20-50
-women
✔✔What are common symptoms of MS? - ✔✔fatigue-
depression
vertigo
vision problems
sexual dysfunction
bowel and bladder problems
muscle-related problems
-cognitive dysfuntion
✔✔How do you manage impaired immunity with MS? - ✔✔-interferon-beta preparation
-IV monoclonal antibody (Natalizumab)
-antineoplastic anti-inflammatory agent (mitoxantrone)
-oral immunomodulating drugs (Fingolimod)
✔✔What does natalizumab do? - ✔✔reduce inflammation by stopping WBC from
entering brain and spinal cord tissue
✔✔What does mitoxantrone do? - ✔✔Cytotoxic drug
Route: IV
Anticancer agent
Used for MS
Reduction of neurologic disability and clinical relapse for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients
*Dangerous drug reserved for patients who are not responsive to safer drugs*
GRADED A+
✔✔what is the first stage of PD? - ✔✔tremors on one side of the body. symptoms don't
affect everyday activities
✔✔What is the second stage of PD? - ✔✔walking and eating gets more difficult
-body becomes rigid on both sides
✔✔what is the third stage of PD? - ✔✔falling is common
-a stick is needed to get around
-help is required to shower, dress, and eat
✔✔what is the fourth stage of PD? - ✔✔-a walker is required to get around and
additional assistance
-movement become slow
-delayed reaction times
-significant help needed and unable to live alone
✔✔What is the fifth stage of PD? - ✔✔-need a wheelchair or is bedridden
-severe leg stiffness
-around the clock assistance and help
-dementia may occur (over 75% of the time)
✔✔What is ropinirole used for? - ✔✔Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome
✔✔What is pramipexol used for? - ✔✔Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist that works on
the nervous system to help treat the symptoms of Parkinson disease. Pramipexole is
also used to treat Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).
✔✔What is carbidopa-levodopa used for? - ✔✔treats the symptoms of Parkinson
disease. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine in your brain, a substance
which helps manage body movements and coordination. This reduces the symptoms of
Parkinson, such as body stiffness and tremors.
✔✔What is a stereotactic pallidotomy? - ✔✔Surgery for Parkinson's. Implanted
pacemaker-like neuro simulator. Reduce tremors and the rigidity, burr hole for rod
implant (blocks ACH signals)
✔✔What is multiple sclerosis? - ✔✔-chronic disease characterized by myelination
-affects myelin and nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord
✔✔What are the types of MS? - ✔✔-clinically isolated syndrome
-relapsing remitting
-primary progressive
, -secondary progressive
✔✔What is clinically isolated syndrome? - ✔✔A first clinical presentation for which the
criteria of dissemination in time has not been met to diagnose MS
(Like a 1st step of MS)
✔✔What is relapsing-remitting MS? - ✔✔unpredictable attacks which may or may not
leave permanent deficits followed by periods of remission
✔✔What is primary progressive MS? - ✔✔A gradual decline with no periods of
remission
✔✔What is secondary progressive MS? - ✔✔Starts as relapsing-remitting and changes
to Primary Progressive
(Most Common)
✔✔What are causes of MS? - ✔✔-autoimmune
-unknown
-colder climates
-ages 20-50
-women
✔✔What are common symptoms of MS? - ✔✔fatigue-
depression
vertigo
vision problems
sexual dysfunction
bowel and bladder problems
muscle-related problems
-cognitive dysfuntion
✔✔How do you manage impaired immunity with MS? - ✔✔-interferon-beta preparation
-IV monoclonal antibody (Natalizumab)
-antineoplastic anti-inflammatory agent (mitoxantrone)
-oral immunomodulating drugs (Fingolimod)
✔✔What does natalizumab do? - ✔✔reduce inflammation by stopping WBC from
entering brain and spinal cord tissue
✔✔What does mitoxantrone do? - ✔✔Cytotoxic drug
Route: IV
Anticancer agent
Used for MS
Reduction of neurologic disability and clinical relapse for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients
*Dangerous drug reserved for patients who are not responsive to safer drugs*
