Nursing 313 Med-Surg Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
How can CAP be prevented? Correct Answers Get pneumonia
vaccine every 5 years, especially if you have comorbidities
How can you catch TB? Correct Answers Must be in close
contact in enclosed setting for a long time with the infected
person
How can you cause oxygen toxicity? Correct Answers Giving
oxygen at >50% for >48 hours
How can you tell if blood came from the lung? Correct Answers
It's bright red, frothy and mixed with sputum. has an alkaline pH
How can you tell if blood came from the stomach? Correct
Answers It's vomited, not spit up. Can be mixed with food and
is usually darker like coffee grounds. Has acidic pH
How do we know pulmonary hypertension is getting worse?
Correct Answers Change in dyspnea, cough, sputum, acute
respiratory failure
How do we test the level of O2 de-sat with exercise in a COPD
patient? Correct Answers 6 minute walk test
How do you care for a chest tube? Correct Answers Mark
amount of drainage. When it's full, label it and send to the lab.
Doctor might use blood for auto transfusion
,How do you care for an arterial line? Correct Answers Assess
pressure dressing and the site for swelling, bleeding, oozing and
clots. Measure urine output, Vital Signs and organ perfusion
How do you evaluate the success of treatment of VAP? Correct
Answers No dyspnea, adventitious breath sounds or pain, clear
airway, O2 sat >95, good eating/fluid
How do you get the parameters for green light, yellow light, red
light teaching? Correct Answers Do PEFR test three times and
write down the best score achieved. Doctor will indicate what is
to be done at each stage
How do you know TB is cured? Correct Answers Must have 3
negative sputum samples on different days
How do you prevent PE? Correct Answers Exercise, smoking
cessation, weight loss
How do you prevent VAP? Correct Answers elevate HOB 30-
45 degrees, daily sedation vacation, prophylactic anti-ulcer
meds, DVT prophylaxis, daily oral care with chlorhexidrine
How does a pulmonary embolism affect the vascular system?
Correct Answers Localized vasoconstriction and increased
pulmonary vascular resistance
How does asthma present? Correct Answers Recurrent episodes
of wheezing/breathlessness, cough, prolonged expiration due to
bronchospasm, edema, mucus, inspiration/expiration ratio is 1:3
or 1:4, patient feels like they're suffocating
, How does the water move in a chest tube if a patient is breathing
on their own? Correct Answers Water will increase on
inspiration and decrease on expiration
How is a patient determined to be ready to be weaned off the
vent? Correct Answers must have stable vital signs and ABGs
and psych consult
How is a pulmonary embolism diagnosed? Correct Answers
VQ scan, CT scan of lung, D-dimer
How is an open pneumothorax diagnosed? Correct Answers
ultrasound/chest x ray
How is COPD diagnosed? Correct Answers Pulmonary function
test, ABGs, VP scan
How is flail chest treated? Correct Answers Might need to go
on a vent with PEEP, stabilization rather than surgery, vigilant
respiratory care, F/E balance
How is HCAP/HAP diagnosed? Correct Answers New
pulmonary infiltrate on Xray, tenacious/purulent sputum, low
grade fever, malaise, High WBCs if bacterial but normal if viral
How is heparin administered to PE patients? Correct Answers
5-10,000u bolus by IV push and then a dose based on the PTT,
usually 1300-1800u/hr continuously for 4 to 5 days
Solutions
How can CAP be prevented? Correct Answers Get pneumonia
vaccine every 5 years, especially if you have comorbidities
How can you catch TB? Correct Answers Must be in close
contact in enclosed setting for a long time with the infected
person
How can you cause oxygen toxicity? Correct Answers Giving
oxygen at >50% for >48 hours
How can you tell if blood came from the lung? Correct Answers
It's bright red, frothy and mixed with sputum. has an alkaline pH
How can you tell if blood came from the stomach? Correct
Answers It's vomited, not spit up. Can be mixed with food and
is usually darker like coffee grounds. Has acidic pH
How do we know pulmonary hypertension is getting worse?
Correct Answers Change in dyspnea, cough, sputum, acute
respiratory failure
How do we test the level of O2 de-sat with exercise in a COPD
patient? Correct Answers 6 minute walk test
How do you care for a chest tube? Correct Answers Mark
amount of drainage. When it's full, label it and send to the lab.
Doctor might use blood for auto transfusion
,How do you care for an arterial line? Correct Answers Assess
pressure dressing and the site for swelling, bleeding, oozing and
clots. Measure urine output, Vital Signs and organ perfusion
How do you evaluate the success of treatment of VAP? Correct
Answers No dyspnea, adventitious breath sounds or pain, clear
airway, O2 sat >95, good eating/fluid
How do you get the parameters for green light, yellow light, red
light teaching? Correct Answers Do PEFR test three times and
write down the best score achieved. Doctor will indicate what is
to be done at each stage
How do you know TB is cured? Correct Answers Must have 3
negative sputum samples on different days
How do you prevent PE? Correct Answers Exercise, smoking
cessation, weight loss
How do you prevent VAP? Correct Answers elevate HOB 30-
45 degrees, daily sedation vacation, prophylactic anti-ulcer
meds, DVT prophylaxis, daily oral care with chlorhexidrine
How does a pulmonary embolism affect the vascular system?
Correct Answers Localized vasoconstriction and increased
pulmonary vascular resistance
How does asthma present? Correct Answers Recurrent episodes
of wheezing/breathlessness, cough, prolonged expiration due to
bronchospasm, edema, mucus, inspiration/expiration ratio is 1:3
or 1:4, patient feels like they're suffocating
, How does the water move in a chest tube if a patient is breathing
on their own? Correct Answers Water will increase on
inspiration and decrease on expiration
How is a patient determined to be ready to be weaned off the
vent? Correct Answers must have stable vital signs and ABGs
and psych consult
How is a pulmonary embolism diagnosed? Correct Answers
VQ scan, CT scan of lung, D-dimer
How is an open pneumothorax diagnosed? Correct Answers
ultrasound/chest x ray
How is COPD diagnosed? Correct Answers Pulmonary function
test, ABGs, VP scan
How is flail chest treated? Correct Answers Might need to go
on a vent with PEEP, stabilization rather than surgery, vigilant
respiratory care, F/E balance
How is HCAP/HAP diagnosed? Correct Answers New
pulmonary infiltrate on Xray, tenacious/purulent sputum, low
grade fever, malaise, High WBCs if bacterial but normal if viral
How is heparin administered to PE patients? Correct Answers
5-10,000u bolus by IV push and then a dose based on the PTT,
usually 1300-1800u/hr continuously for 4 to 5 days
