Gas transport and circulatory system
Learning objective:
1. How are gases transported around animals?
2. In detail, look at different systems, which are used in different animals.
- There are major differences of systems between animals
- Advantages and disadvantages of how the systems have evolved.
Overview
Metazoan= a major division of the animal kingdom that comprises all animals except protozoa
and sponges
Protozoa= single-celled microscopic animals
Most animals are multicellular and therefore, transport gases through bulk transport and not by
simple diffusion.
Most metazoans larger than a few cells have circulatory systems
Major functions of circulatory systems
- Transport oxygen- to cells
- Transport nutrients – AA & glucose to cells
- Transport signalling molecules throughout the body- Maintain homeostasis
- Transport immune cells- in more sophisticated animals
- Remove carbon dioxide
- Remove waste products
Components of the circulatory system
Circulatory system move fluids by increasing the pressure of the fluids in one part of the body
Fluid flows through the body ‘’down’’ the pressure gradient
3 main components are needed in the circulatory system
1. Pump or propulsive structure
- i.e. Heart
2. system of tubes, channels or spaces
3. fluid that circulates through the system
- blood
- hemolymph= a fluid equivalent to blood found in most invertebrates
Types of pumps
1. chambered heart contains
contractile chambers (A&V)
- Blood enters atrium
- Blood is pumped out by ventricle
2. Skeletal muscle
, Squeeze on vessels to generate pressure
Muscle tissue is on either side of the blood vessel
3. Pulsating blood vessels
Peristalsis
- Rhythmic contraction of vessel wall pumps blood
- One way valve help to ensure unidirectional flow
Daphnia heart
Is myogenic
Not neurogenic
Found at the back of the animal
Open and closed circulatory system
Open Closed
Circulatory fluid comes in direct contact Circulatory fluid remains within vessels
with the tissue in spaces called sinuses and does not come in contact with the
- Circulating fluid mixes with interstitial fluid tissues
(ECF) - Circulating fluid is distinct from interstitial
- Bathes tissues fluid
- Low pressure system - Molecules must diffuse across vessel wall,
which comprise of a thin layer cell
- higher pressure system
, Types of fluid in CS
1. Interstitial fluid
ECF that directly bathes the tissues
2. Blood
Fluid that circulates within the vessels of a closed circulatory system
plasma
3. Lymph
Fluid that circulates in the secondary circulatory system of vertebrates; lymphatic
system
Lymphatic system carries fluid (lymph) that has filtered out of the vessels
Learning objective:
1. How are gases transported around animals?
2. In detail, look at different systems, which are used in different animals.
- There are major differences of systems between animals
- Advantages and disadvantages of how the systems have evolved.
Overview
Metazoan= a major division of the animal kingdom that comprises all animals except protozoa
and sponges
Protozoa= single-celled microscopic animals
Most animals are multicellular and therefore, transport gases through bulk transport and not by
simple diffusion.
Most metazoans larger than a few cells have circulatory systems
Major functions of circulatory systems
- Transport oxygen- to cells
- Transport nutrients – AA & glucose to cells
- Transport signalling molecules throughout the body- Maintain homeostasis
- Transport immune cells- in more sophisticated animals
- Remove carbon dioxide
- Remove waste products
Components of the circulatory system
Circulatory system move fluids by increasing the pressure of the fluids in one part of the body
Fluid flows through the body ‘’down’’ the pressure gradient
3 main components are needed in the circulatory system
1. Pump or propulsive structure
- i.e. Heart
2. system of tubes, channels or spaces
3. fluid that circulates through the system
- blood
- hemolymph= a fluid equivalent to blood found in most invertebrates
Types of pumps
1. chambered heart contains
contractile chambers (A&V)
- Blood enters atrium
- Blood is pumped out by ventricle
2. Skeletal muscle
, Squeeze on vessels to generate pressure
Muscle tissue is on either side of the blood vessel
3. Pulsating blood vessels
Peristalsis
- Rhythmic contraction of vessel wall pumps blood
- One way valve help to ensure unidirectional flow
Daphnia heart
Is myogenic
Not neurogenic
Found at the back of the animal
Open and closed circulatory system
Open Closed
Circulatory fluid comes in direct contact Circulatory fluid remains within vessels
with the tissue in spaces called sinuses and does not come in contact with the
- Circulating fluid mixes with interstitial fluid tissues
(ECF) - Circulating fluid is distinct from interstitial
- Bathes tissues fluid
- Low pressure system - Molecules must diffuse across vessel wall,
which comprise of a thin layer cell
- higher pressure system
, Types of fluid in CS
1. Interstitial fluid
ECF that directly bathes the tissues
2. Blood
Fluid that circulates within the vessels of a closed circulatory system
plasma
3. Lymph
Fluid that circulates in the secondary circulatory system of vertebrates; lymphatic
system
Lymphatic system carries fluid (lymph) that has filtered out of the vessels
