Water and salt (ion) physiology
Water
Function of water in the body
Water is essential for life
No water = no reactions will take place
Cell life
- Participates in chemical and metabolic reactions
- Transports nutrients
Body temperature regulation
Elimination of waste
Lubricant joints
Our senses rely on water
- i.e. eyes, ears, mouth, nose
commonly known as universal solvent
- water is a solvent
polarity allows it to attract charged particles into solutions and dissolve a variety of other polar substances
- important to digestion
helps transport dissolved nutrients and other substances throughout the body
- water allows blood to transport oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells
- water helps transport waste products away from cells to be excreted
Dissolved substances
Ions
Glucose
,Water helps regulate body temperate
Function of water
Water is essential for most chemical reaction in the body
- During digestion water hydrolyses the bonds holding together
Carbohydrate molecules
Protein molecules
Fat molecules
- When smaller molecules combine together through condensation water is formed
, Daily water requirements
Based on metabolic rate
- Take 80-110 mls/100kcal
Based on body surface area
- Take 1.5 I/m2/day
Based on weight
- Take 30 – 40 mls/kg/day
Essentially saying how much water is needed to replace these activities
Water is dynamic
Water is dynamic and can change depending on many factors and therefore needs to be regulated
- Loosing too much water = bad for us
- Drinking too much water = bad for us
Fluid homeostasis
Lose water by excretion and sweating therefore we drink water for rapid turnover
Adapt to changing environment
Amount consumed= amount excreted
Water excretion
Majority of fluid is excreted through the kidneys
- The more water that is ingested the more urine produced
Excreted through intestinal fluids in the stool
- Dependant on dietary intake of plant fibers and presents of diarrhoea
Evaporated through exhalation and through the skin
- Insensible water loss
Loss through sweat
- Varied based on environmental factors
Temperature
Humidity
Wind – causes dry skin and increases rate of evaporation
Sun’s intensity
Clothing – over heat and sweat
- Amount of physical activity
Daily obligatory water loss
Minimal amount of fluid loss
- Insensible loss
- 800 ml
Minimal sweat loss
- 100 ml
Faecal loss
- 200 ml
- More if have diarrhoea
Minimal urine volume to excrete solute load
- 500 ml
Total = 1,600 ml
Electrolytes participate in body fluid composition
Electrolytes (salts) vital in diet
- Minerals with electrically charged ions
Potassium
Phosphate
Magnesium
Calcium
Chloride
Water
Function of water in the body
Water is essential for life
No water = no reactions will take place
Cell life
- Participates in chemical and metabolic reactions
- Transports nutrients
Body temperature regulation
Elimination of waste
Lubricant joints
Our senses rely on water
- i.e. eyes, ears, mouth, nose
commonly known as universal solvent
- water is a solvent
polarity allows it to attract charged particles into solutions and dissolve a variety of other polar substances
- important to digestion
helps transport dissolved nutrients and other substances throughout the body
- water allows blood to transport oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells
- water helps transport waste products away from cells to be excreted
Dissolved substances
Ions
Glucose
,Water helps regulate body temperate
Function of water
Water is essential for most chemical reaction in the body
- During digestion water hydrolyses the bonds holding together
Carbohydrate molecules
Protein molecules
Fat molecules
- When smaller molecules combine together through condensation water is formed
, Daily water requirements
Based on metabolic rate
- Take 80-110 mls/100kcal
Based on body surface area
- Take 1.5 I/m2/day
Based on weight
- Take 30 – 40 mls/kg/day
Essentially saying how much water is needed to replace these activities
Water is dynamic
Water is dynamic and can change depending on many factors and therefore needs to be regulated
- Loosing too much water = bad for us
- Drinking too much water = bad for us
Fluid homeostasis
Lose water by excretion and sweating therefore we drink water for rapid turnover
Adapt to changing environment
Amount consumed= amount excreted
Water excretion
Majority of fluid is excreted through the kidneys
- The more water that is ingested the more urine produced
Excreted through intestinal fluids in the stool
- Dependant on dietary intake of plant fibers and presents of diarrhoea
Evaporated through exhalation and through the skin
- Insensible water loss
Loss through sweat
- Varied based on environmental factors
Temperature
Humidity
Wind – causes dry skin and increases rate of evaporation
Sun’s intensity
Clothing – over heat and sweat
- Amount of physical activity
Daily obligatory water loss
Minimal amount of fluid loss
- Insensible loss
- 800 ml
Minimal sweat loss
- 100 ml
Faecal loss
- 200 ml
- More if have diarrhoea
Minimal urine volume to excrete solute load
- 500 ml
Total = 1,600 ml
Electrolytes participate in body fluid composition
Electrolytes (salts) vital in diet
- Minerals with electrically charged ions
Potassium
Phosphate
Magnesium
Calcium
Chloride
